“…[8,11,[24][25][26][27][28] Due to their high electrical conductivity, MXenes exhibit multiple reflection mechanisms between layers and contribute to secondary interferences, which can be rectified by either structural design or composite strategies. [18] Various structural designs such as thin film, [4,11,19,29] solid pellet, [30] porous film, [31] foam, [7,8,32,33] sponge, [26,34] fabric, [35] aerogel, [36,37] membrane, [9,16,38] and paint [39] are explored for MXenes to attenuate electromagnetic interference. Structural design helps to produce a higher absorption-to-transmission ratio, interfacial scattering, and multiple reflective surfaces, successfully mitigating secondary EMI pollution.…”