Ultra thin tungsten nitride film growth on dielectric surfaces

Sun, Yiyong; Engbrecht, E. R.; Bolom, T.; Cilino, C. J.; Sim, J.H.; White, J. M.; Ekerdt, John G.; Pfeifer, Klaus

doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2003.11.303

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Similar to the titanium nitride, ammonia reduction process is utilized to produce tungsten nitride with the precursor of tungsten oxides and sulfides at a high temperature 600–900 °C. Additionally, CVD methods such as low pressure CVD, plasma enhanced CVD, and ALD have also been applied for the synthesis of tungsten nitride films and in the most cases, the stable β‐W 2 N phase is formed . In order to improve the surface area of tungsten nitride, Chakrapani et al fabricated tungsten nitride nanowires on FTO substrate by a specially designed hot wire CVD method.…”

Section: Synthesis Methods For Transition Metal Carbides and Nitridesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transition Metal Carbides and Nitrides in Energy Storage and Conversion

et al. 2016

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High‐performance electrode materials are the key to advances in the areas of energy conversion and storage (e.g., fuel cells and batteries). In this Review, recent progress in the synthesis and electrochemical application of transition metal carbides (TMCs) and nitrides (TMNs) for energy storage and conversion is summarized. Their electrochemical properties in Li‐ion and Na‐ion batteries as well as in supercapacitors, and electrocatalytic reactions (oxygen evolution and reduction reactions, and hydrogen evolution reaction) are discussed in association with their crystal structure/morphology/composition. Advantages and benefits of nanostructuring (e.g., 2D MXenes) are highlighted. Prospects of future research trends in rational design of high‐performance TMCs and TMNs electrodes are provided at the end.

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Section: Synthesis Methods For Transition Metal Carbides and Nitridesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transition Metal Carbides and Nitrides in Energy Storage and Conversion

et al. 2016

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“…While the ponderomotive energy of trapped electrons should scale as F 2 loc , we observe saturation in the peak electron energy at ∼ 400 eV. While the electron energy loss spectra of tungsten nitride shows no excitations in the 100-400 eV energy range, an onset of strong electron absorption above 400 eV coincides with the nitrogen 1s excitation [32][33][34]. We therefore assign the low energy distribution to electrons inelastically scattered within the nitride, delaying emission and accelerated by the Sommerfeld resonance of the tip.…”

mentioning

confidence: 65%

Extreme Lightwave Electron Field Emission from a Nanotip

Matte,

Chamanara,

Gingras

et al. 2020

Preprint

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We report on sub-cycle terahertz light-field emission of electrons from tungsten nanotips under extreme conditions corresponding to a Keldysh parameter γK ≈ 10 −4 . Local peak THz fields up to 40 GV/m are achieved at the apex of an illuminated nanotip, causing sub-cycle cold-field electron emission and acceleration in the quasi-static field. By simultaneous measurement of the electron bunch charge and energy distribution, we perform a quantitative test of quasi-static Fowler-Nordheim tunnelling theory under field conditions that completely suppress the tunnel barrier. Very high bunch charges of ∼ 10 6 electrons/pulse are observed, reaching maximum energies of 3.5 keV after acceleration in the local field. The energy distribution and emission current show good agreement with Fowler-Nordheim theory even in this extreme field regime. Extending this model to the single-shot regime under these conditions predicts peak electron distributions with a spectral purity of 10 −4 . THz field-induced reshaping and sharpening of the nanotip is observed, reducing the tip radius from 120 nm to 35 nm over roughly 10 9 THz shots. These results indicate THz-driven nanotips in the extreme field limit are promising electron sources for ultrafast electron diffraction and microscopy.

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“…15,16 In view of the ongoing development from microelectronics to nanoelectronics, the realization of homogeneous and high-purity nitride nanomaterials has seen an increase in attention in the last years. 17 Furthermore, nanosized WN x is of interest in the eld of catalysis, since the addition of N atoms to the metal structure serves as chemical functionalization, thereby giving the metal electronic and catalytic properties of noble metals. [18][19][20][21] WN x can replace costly Pt-based catalysts in various redoxreactions, [22][23][24] oxygen-reduction reactions and hydrogen evolution reactions in fuel cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%