Ultra-wide band near-infrared (NIR) optical thermometry (12–673 K) performance enhanced by Stark sublevel splitting in Er³⁺ ions near the first biological window in the PbZr_0.53Ti_0.47O₃:Er³⁺/Yb³⁺ phosphor

Abstract

The fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) approach, which relies on thermally coupled levels (TCLs), is significantly important for optical thermometry at room tempertaures and above but found impractical for low temperature...