Ultra-Wideband Radar Sensors for Short-Range Vehicular Applications

A 21-26-GHz SiGe bipolar power amplifier MMIC

“…Commercial power amplifiers in 0.25-m GaAs MESFET and pHEMT technologies have PAEs of 11%, 15%, and 31%, respectively [59]- [61]. A 24-GHz three-stage power amplifier, designed for an automotive SiGe bipolar technology on a high-resistivity (1 k cm) substrate, achieves 7.5-dB small-signal gain, and 6.5-dB gain at 12-dBm output power (i.e., 2.2-dB gain per stage) [15]. However, the PAE was not reported, and few circuit details were given.…”

“…In practice, about 12 dBm of output power is required for a vehicle tracking radar transmitter [15]. For 24-GHz WLANs, the signal limit imposed in Europe is 20 dBm peak EIRP with a duty cycle of 10% (or less) for average output powers above 10 dBm EIRP [2].…”

Simulation and Analysis of An Ultra-Wideband Ranging System

“…A typical UWB ranging system includes seven components [11]: random modulation circuit, pulse generating circuit, UWB pulse generating circuit, transmitting antenna, receiving antenna, signal processing circuit and range gate pulse generating circuit. The pulse generation circuit produces a periodic pulse signal.…”

“…UWB ranging [3] is a newly emerging technology dedicated for precise distant measurement. Due to its properties of high-resolution, strong penetration, low probability of intercept and detection [2,[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13], UWB ranging systems have been increasingly widely used in military and civilian areas.…”

Reactive Collision Avoidance for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Using Doppler Radar

“…Examples of passive sensors include optical flow sensors or CCD devices with embedded optical flow algorithms [1] [2], monocular or stereo vision systems using object detection and/or extraction [3] [4] and infrared cameras, which can be used to identify obstacles by the thermal wavelengths they emit. Active sensors include ultrasonic devices, SOund Navigation And Ranging (SONAR), active infrared devices, Laser [5], Doppler measurement radar, conventional radar and Ultra Wideband (UWB) radar [6] [7]. With the exception of IR sensors which rely on radiation emitted by the object due to its temperature, any form of passive system requires an external lighting source, which may limit operation in low lighting or low contrast environments.…”