Ultra-wideband underwater acoustic transducer with a gradient impedance matching layer

Bian, Jiacong; Wang, Yan; Liu, Zhenjun; Shen, Mingjie; Hui, Zhao; Sun, Yu; Jian-jun, Zhu

doi:10.1016/j.apacoust.2020.107789

Cited by 25 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…While there are various methods to demonstrate the effect of acoustic impedance matching on the output of underwater and ultrasonic transducers, these experiments typically measure the effect of an added matching layer on the output of a specific transducer and use water as a coupling medium. To the authors’ knowledge, a similar experiment has not been presented where, rather than changing a coupling layer, the sensor diaphragm material is varied.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrostatic Acoustic Sensor with an Impedance-Matched Diaphragm Characterized for Body Sound Monitoring

Rennoll

McLane

Eisape

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Bio Mater.

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Acoustic sensors are able to capture more incident energy if their acoustic impedance closely matches the acoustic impedance of the medium being probed, such as skin or wood. Controlling the acoustic impedance of polymers can be achieved by selecting materials with appropriate densities and stiffnesses as well as adding ceramic nanoparticles. This study follows a statistical methodology to examine the impact of polymer type and nanoparticle addition on the fabrication of acoustic sensors with desired acoustic impedances in the range of 1−2.2 MRayls. The proposed method using a design of experiments approach measures sensors with diaphragms of varying impedances when excited with acoustic vibrations traveling through wood, gelatin, and plastic. The sensor diaphragm is subsequently optimized for body sound monitoring, and the sensor's improved body sound coherence and airborne noise rejection are evaluated on an acoustic phantom in simulated noise environments and compared to electronic stethoscopes with onboard noise cancellation. The impedance-matched sensor demonstrates high sensitivity to body sounds, low sensitivity to airborne sound, a frequency response comparable to two state-of-the-art electronic stethoscopes, and the ability to capture lung and heart sounds from a real subject. Due to its small size, use of flexible materials, and rejection of airborne noise, the sensor provides an improved solution for wearable body sound monitoring, as well as sensing from other mediums with acoustic impedances in the range of 1−2.2 MRayls, such as water and wood.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrostatic Acoustic Sensor with an Impedance-Matched Diaphragm Characterized for Body Sound Monitoring

Rennoll

McLane

Eisape

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Bio Mater.

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“…In 2008, Zhu Jie et al used the finite time domain difference method to calculate the spectrum of the gradient change matching layer and found a curve with better ultrasonic transmission property [ 26 ]; the result is consistent with the distribution obtained by us. In 2017 and 2021, Li Zheng and Bian Jiacong et al tried to fabricate a type of gradient matching layer to approach the optimal situation by using tapered high impedance fillers and low impedance substrates [ 28 , 39 ]; this kind of matching layer improves the bandwidth of the transducer to some extent. The best −6 dB bandwidth value of the transducer reaches about 126% (with 1-3 PZT) [ 39 ].…”

Section: Exploration Of the Acoustic Impedance Distribution Curve Of ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2017 and 2021, Li Zheng and Bian Jiacong et al tried to fabricate a type of gradient matching layer to approach the optimal situation by using tapered high impedance fillers and low impedance substrates [ 28 , 39 ]; this kind of matching layer improves the bandwidth of the transducer to some extent. The best −6 dB bandwidth value of the transducer reaches about 126% (with 1-3 PZT) [ 39 ].…”

Section: Exploration Of the Acoustic Impedance Distribution Curve Of ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of Ultrasonic Transducer Bandwidth by Acoustic Impedance Gradient Matching Layer

Zhu

Ma²,

Qi³

et al. 2022

Sensors

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High-performance broadband ultrasound transducers provide superior imaging quality in biomedical ultrasound imaging. However, a matching design that perfectly transmits the acoustic energy between the active piezoelectric element and the target medium over the operating spectrum is still lacking. In this work, an anisotropic gradient acoustic impedance composite material as the matching layer of an ultrasonic transducer was designed and fabricated; it is a non-uniform material with the continuous decline of acoustic impedance along the direction of ultrasonic propagation in a sub-wavelength range. This material provides a broadband window for ultrasonic propagation in a wide frequency range and achieves almost perfect sound energy transfer efficiency from the piezoelectric material to the target medium. Nano tungsten particles and epoxy resin were selected as filling and basic materials, respectively. Along the direction of ultrasonic propagation, the proportion of tungsten powder was carefully controlled to decrease gradually, following the natural exponential form in a very narrow thickness range. Using this new material as a matching layer with high-performance single crystals, the −6 dB bandwidth of the PMN-PT ultrasonic transducer could reach over 170%, and the insertion loss was only −20.3 dB. The transducer achieved a temporal signal close to a single wavelength, thus there is the potential to dramatically improve the resolution and imaging quality of the biomedical ultrasound imaging system.

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“…The underwater acoustic transducer uses piezoelectric composites with copper foil adhered to the surface as the piezoelectric element. At the same time, Polyurethane (PU) is used as the matching layer of the transducer because of its acoustic impedance close to that of water (Sasikumar et al, 2014;Bian et al, 2020;Yf et al, 2021). In order to characterize the sound-to-electric conversion function of the manufactured underwater acoustic transducer, a test scene as shown in Figure 12 was constructed to verify.…”

Section: Underwater Acoustic Transducermentioning

confidence: 99%

4D Printing of Lead Zirconate Titanate Piezoelectric Composites Transducer Based on Direct Ink Writing

Zhang

Zhou

et al. 2021

Front. Mater.

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Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) piezoelectric composites used in transducers were fabricated via direct ink writing (DIW) combined with furnace sintering and resin impregnation. A ceramic slurry with a volume fraction of 52 vol% and suitable viscoelasticity was prepared. After post-process, the PZT ceramic specimens showed a nanoscale grain size with a density of 7.63 g/cm3, accounting for 97.8% of the theoretical density. The effects of different printing rod spacing on the electrical properties of composites were evaluated and lucubrated. Finally, an underwater acoustic transducer was assembled by using the PZT piezoelectric composites fabricated by the above method. The electrical signal generated by the underwater acoustic transducer changed autonomously with the acoustic stimulation, which indicated the application mode of 4D printing in functional devices in the future.

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Ultra-wideband underwater acoustic transducer with a gradient impedance matching layer

Cited by 25 publications

References 5 publications

Electrostatic Acoustic Sensor with an Impedance-Matched Diaphragm Characterized for Body Sound Monitoring

Electrostatic Acoustic Sensor with an Impedance-Matched Diaphragm Characterized for Body Sound Monitoring

Enhancement of Ultrasonic Transducer Bandwidth by Acoustic Impedance Gradient Matching Layer

4D Printing of Lead Zirconate Titanate Piezoelectric Composites Transducer Based on Direct Ink Writing

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