remarkable structure results in a helical-variant dielectric tensor, thus contributing to a natural 1D photonic crystal. [7] It is endowed with a broadband Bragg reflection with a unique circular-polarization selectivity. Blue phase (BP) is another fantastic phase with 3D stacked lattice ( Figure 1D). [8] Such an elegant state-of-matter is energetically preferred in a high chirality system, commonly existing in a narrow temperature range of less than 1 K, between the cholesteric and isotropic phases. It has an exotic arrangement characteristic of LCs, which twists around two helical axes forming cylinders including hierarchically twisted molecular architectures. Such double twisted cylinders are impossible to tile the whole 3D space, which leads to inevitable disclinations and results in frustrated structures.Self-organization is an intrinsic ability of LC molecules. However, the precise control and generation of large-area desirable hierarchical superstructures require state-of-the-art techniques that usually combine the "top-down" microfabrication with the "bottom-up" self-assembly. Here, we review various hierarchical architectures in SLCs, CLCs, and BPLCs, especially recent progresses in light-activated LC hierarchical superstructures, as well as their optics and photonics applications in optics and photonics. In this review, we will see the controllable spatial smectic layer curving via 2D anchoring confinement, 3D topographic confinement, and external field guidance, with which the domain size, shape, orientation, and lattice symmetry of focal conic domain (FCD) arrays are well manipulated. The control of helix direction or fluctuation of CLC layers and the growth of unique fingerprint textures including spiral and wave-like continuous gratings are presented. The 3D manipulation of BPLC hierarchical architecture is accomplished photoalignment and various light-driven azobenzene molecular motors. The construction of these unique hierarchical superstructures brings new opportunities to the design of novel optic and photonic devices. Corresponding applications, including traditional microlens array, beam steering, and more advanced specific optical field generation and LC lasers are comprehensively reviewed as well.