Ultraconformable Temporary Tattoo Electrodes for Electrophysiology

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and has dramatically increased in recent years. Continuous cardiac monitoring is particularly important for early diagnosis and prevention, and flexible and stretchable electronic devices have emerged as effective tools for this purpose. Their thin, soft, and deformable features allow intimate and long-term integration with biotissues, which enables continuous, high-fidelity, and sometimes large-area cardiac monitoring on the skin and/or heart surface. In addition to monitoring, intimate contact is also crucial for high-precision therapies. Combined with tissue engineering, soft bioelectronics have also demonstrated the capability to repair damaged cardiac tissues. This review highlights the recent advances in wearable and implantable devices based on flexible and stretchable electronics for cardiovascular monitoring and therapy. First, wearable/implantable soft bioelectronics for cardiovascular monitoring (e.g., the electrocardiogram, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation level) are reviewed. Then, advances in cardiovascular therapy based on soft bioelectronics (e.g., mesh pacing, ablation, robotic sleeves, and electronic stents) are discussed. Finally, device-assisted tissue engineering therapy (e.g., functional electronic scaffolds and in vitro cardiac platforms) is discussed.

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Section: Soft Bioelectronics For Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wearable and Implantable Devices for Cardiovascular Healthcare: from Monitoring to Therapy Based on Flexible and Stretchable Electronics

Hong

Jeong

Cho

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

427

271

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“…Size modulation such as decreasing diameter and material thicknesses is commonly used to achieve conformability enabled by strain engineering . In neuron activity recording, electrodes with the neuron‐like dimensions shows reduced mechanical stiffness by 5–20 times compared to reported flexible probes, which allows the probing and modulation of electrical and chemical signals at subcellular scale (Figure b) .…”

Section: Stretchable and Conformal Sensors For Cyber Biophysical Intementioning

confidence: 99%

Cyber–Physiochemical Interfaces

et al. 2020

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Living things rely on various physical, chemical, and biological interfaces, e.g., somatosensation, olfactory/gustatory perception, and nervous system response. They help organisms to perceive the world, adapt to their surroundings, and maintain internal and external balance. Interfacial information exchanges are complicated but efficient, delicate but precise, and multimodal but unisonous, which has driven researchers to study the science of such interfaces and develop techniques with potential applications in health monitoring, smart robotics, future wearable devices, and cyber physical/human systems. To understand better the issues in these interfaces, a cyber–physiochemical interface (CPI) that is capable of extracting biophysical and biochemical signals, and closely relating them to electronic, communication, and computing technology, to provide the core for aforementioned applications, is proposed. The scientific and technical progress in CPI is summarized, and the challenges to and strategies for building stable interfaces, including materials, sensor development, system integration, and data processing techniques are discussed. It is hoped that this will result in an unprecedented multi‐disciplinary network of scientific collaboration in CPI to explore much uncharted territory for progress, providing technical inspiration—to the development of the next‐generation personal healthcare technology, smart sports‐technology, adaptive prosthetics and augmentation of human capability, etc.

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“…Following the temporary tattoo approach proposed by Zucca et al, Ferrari et al proposed a novel dry and perforable ultraconformable skin-contact electrode. [17] Thanks to the tattoo-like nature, the unperceivable electrode can be directly transferred on glabrous skin as well as on hairy zones. Indeed, the ultrathin electrode allows hairs to perforate and grow through it, without significant performances degradation over a period of 48 h. An analogous temporary tattoo approach has recently enabled novel applications in edible electronics [20] and organic photovoltaics (OPV).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under these conditions, Van der Waals forces become predominant, with a consequent adhesion improvement. This is the case of skin-worn unobtrusive sensors, and more general of biosensors, to be used in biomedical, healthcare, [15] sport activity, and environment monitoring systems [15,17] applications. This is the case of skin-worn unobtrusive sensors, and more general of biosensors, to be used in biomedical, healthcare, [15] sport activity, and environment monitoring systems [15,17] applications.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraconformable Freestanding Capacitors Based on Ultrathin Polyvinyl Formal Films

Barsotti

Hirata

Pignatelli

et al. 2018

Adv Elect Materials

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case of flexible, [1] stretchable, [2] as well as conformable devices. [3] The great improvements in materials properties [4,5] and fabrication technologies [6][7][8][9] enabled constant developments toward applications, such as flexible displays, [10] electronic paper, radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags, smart cards, [11] electronic skin, [12,13] wearable monitoring devices. [14] The term conformable electronics is used to refer to a class of electronic devices that, thanks to their reduced thickness and peculiar construction, conformally adhere onto nonplanar surfaces and materials. [15] Thickness reduction also implies a total mass reduction and an increase in the aspect ratio values, factors that strongly affect adhesion and conformability. Under these conditions, Van der Waals forces become predominant, with a consequent adhesion improvement. [16] Conformability of devices is particularly appealing when skin is the target surface of interest. This is the case of skin-worn unobtrusive sensors, and more general of biosensors, to be used in biomedical, healthcare, [15] sport activity, and environment monitoring systems [15,17] applications. Indeed, in all cited applications it is highly demanded that devices are the least perceivable possible. [18,19] From a technological point of view empowering electronic devices with the ability to conformally adhere to a complex surface (such as skin) without compromising their functionality is very challenging. Mechanical instabilities such as buckling, crumpling, cracking, wrinkling, dewetting, and swelling can set a severe limit to the deformation the device can sustain without loss of electrical performances, and eventually lead to complete failure. Moreover, since an obvious and main strategy to accomplish this task is to decrease the overall thickness and inherent stiffness of substrates and devices, there are intrinsic difficulties related to manipulation and processing of such thin systems. In order to try to overcome these difficulties, several interesting solutions have been proposed in literature.In this vision, a novel temporary tattoo approach that makes use of commercial tattoo paper as a temporary substrate for ultraconformable (UC) electrodes enabling an easy water-based transfer directly on skin, was proposed by Zucca et al. [15] In their work, the authors developed an unconventional way to fabricate ultraconformable surface electromyography (sEMG) electrodes using ultrathin (UT)Conformable electronics refers to a class of electronic devices that have the ability to conformally adhere onto nonplanar surfaces and materials, resulting particularly appealing for skin-contact applications, such as the case of skinworn unobtrusive (bio)sensors for healthcare monitoring. Conformability can be addressed by integrating basic electronic components on ultrathin polymeric film substrates. Among other basic electronic components, capacitors are fundamental ones for energy storage, sensing, frequency tuning, impedance adaptation, and signal processing. In this ...

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Ultraconformable Temporary Tattoo Electrodes for Electrophysiology

Cited by 157 publications

References 35 publications

Wearable and Implantable Devices for Cardiovascular Healthcare: from Monitoring to Therapy Based on Flexible and Stretchable Electronics

Wearable and Implantable Devices for Cardiovascular Healthcare: from Monitoring to Therapy Based on Flexible and Stretchable Electronics

Cyber–Physiochemical Interfaces

Ultraconformable Freestanding Capacitors Based on Ultrathin Polyvinyl Formal Films

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