Ultradilute quantum liquid drops

Cikojević, Viktor; Dželalija, Krešimir; Stipanović, Petar; Markić, Leandra Vranješ; Boronat, J.

doi:10.1103/physrevb.97.140502

Cited by 73 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Exact Monte-Carlo calculations [18,167,168] and approximate variational estimates [169] have been found to agree with the predictions of Eq. (6) in the limit of weak interactions.…”

Section: Stable Quantum Droplets In Binary Becssupporting

confidence: 59%

Frontiers in multidimensional self-trapping of nonlinear fields and matter

et al. 2019

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We review the state of the art and recently obtained theoretical and experimental results for two-and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) solitons and related states, such as quantum droplets, in optical systems, atomic Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs), and other fields -in particular, liquid crystals. The central challenge is avoiding the trend of 2D and 3D solitary states supported by the ubiquitous cubic nonlinearity to be strongly unstable -a property far less present in one-dimensional systems. Many possibilities for the stabilization of multi-dimensional states have been theoretically proposed over the years. Most strategies involve non-cubic nonlinearities or using different sorts of potentials, including periodic ones. New important avenues have arisen recently in systems based on two-component BEC with spin-orbit coupling, which have been predicted to support stable 2D and metastable 3D solitons. An important recent breakthrough is the creation of 3D quantum droplets. These are self-sustained states existing in two-component BECs, which are stabilized by the presence of Lee-Hung-Yang quantum fluctuations around the underlying mean-field states. By and large, multi-dimensional geometries afford unique opportunities to explore the existence of complex self-sustained states, including topologically rich ones, which by their very nature are not possible in one-dimensional geometries. In addition to vortex solitons, these are hopfions, skyrmions, and hybrid vortex-antivortex complexes, which have been predicted in different models. Here we review recent landmark findings in this field and outline outstanding open challenges. List of acronyms:1D one-dimensional 2D two dimensional 3D three dimensional BEC Bose-Einstein condensate FF fundamental frequency GPE Gross-Pitaevskii equation GVD group-velocity dispersion LHY Lee-Huang-Yang (correction to the mean-field dynamics of BEC) MF mean field MM mixed mode NLSE nonlinear Schrödinger equation SH second harmonic SOC spin-orbit coupling SV semi-vortex TS Townes' soliton VK Vakhitov-Kolokolov (stability criterion)

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“…Exact Monte-Carlo calculations [18,167,168] and approximate variational estimates [169] have been found to agree with the predictions of Eq. (6) in the limit of weak interactions.…”

Section: Stable Quantum Droplets In Binary Becssupporting

confidence: 59%

Frontiers in multidimensional self-trapping of nonlinear fields and matter

et al. 2019

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“…While a BEC is a gaseous state, which means that it freely expands in the absence of an external trap, the droplet state is self-bound due to its intrinsic interactions [5,24,[28][29][30]. This self-bound character has been experimentally observed for 164 Dy [5], as well as for the related quantum droplets in Bose-Bose mixtures [11,12].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Dilute dipolar quantum droplets beyond the extended Gross-Pitaevskii equation

Böttcher

Wenzel

Schmidt

et al. 2019

Phys. Rev. Research

127

121

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Dipolar quantum droplets are exotic quantum objects that are self-bound due to the subtle balance of attraction, repulsion and quantum correlations. Here we present a systematic study of the critical atom number of these self-bound droplets, comparing the experimental results with extended mean-field Gross-Pitaevskii equation (eGPE) and quantum Monte-Carlo simulations of the dilute system. The respective theoretical predictions differ, questioning the validity of the current theoretical state-of-the-art description of quantum droplets within the eGPE framework and indicating that correlations in the system are significant. Furthermore, we show that our system can serve as a sensitive testing ground for many-body theories in the near future.

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“…An interesting direction to further explore is to try to compare precise measurements of collective mode frequencies on one side and critical atom number in self-bound droplets on the other side. Indeed, these precise spectroscopic probes should hold a signature of departure from the eGPE description of the system, a breakdown of the local density approximation should be expected, and the critical atom number might depend on details of the potential beyond the s-wave scattering length as was shown for Bose mixtures in [33]. Quantum Monte-Carlo works like refs.…”

Section: 5mentioning

confidence: 97%

Scissors Mode of Dipolar Quantum Droplets of Dysprosium Atoms

et al. 2018

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We report on the observation of the scissors mode of a single dipolar quantum droplet. The existence of this mode is due to the breaking of the rotational symmetry by the dipole-dipole interaction, which is fixed along an external homogeneous magnetic field. By modulating the orientation of this magnetic field, we introduce a new spectroscopic technique for studying dipolar quantum droplets. This provides a precise probe for interactions in the system, allowing us to extract a background scattering length for ^{164}Dy of 69(4)a_{0}. Our results establish an analogy between quantum droplets and atomic nuclei, where the existence of the scissors mode is also only due to internal interactions. They further open the possibility to explore physics beyond the available theoretical models for strongly dipolar quantum gases.

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Ultradilute quantum liquid drops

Cited by 73 publications

References 25 publications

Frontiers in multidimensional self-trapping of nonlinear fields and matter

Frontiers in multidimensional self-trapping of nonlinear fields and matter

Dilute dipolar quantum droplets beyond the extended Gross-Pitaevskii equation

Scissors Mode of Dipolar Quantum Droplets of Dysprosium Atoms

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