With the escalating global awareness of air quality management,
the need for continuous and reliable monitoring of toxic gases by
using low-power operating systems has become increasingly important.
One of which, semiconductor metal oxide gas sensors have received
great attention due to their high/fast response and simple working
mechanism. More specifically, self-heating metal oxide gas sensors,
wherein direct thermal activation in the sensing material, have been
sought for their low power-consuming characteristics. However, previous
works have neglected to address the temperature distribution within
the sensing material, resulting in inefficient gas response and prolonged
response/recovery times, particularly due to the low-temperature regions.
Here, we present a unique metal/metal oxide/metal (MMOM) nanowire
architecture that conductively confines heat to the sensing material,
achieving high uniformity in the temperature distribution. The proposed
structure enables uniform thermal activation within the sensing material,
allowing the sensor to efficiently react with the toxic gas. As a
result, the proposed MMOM gas sensor showed significantly enhanced
gas response (from 6.7 to 20.1% at 30 ppm), response time (from 195
to 17 s at 30 ppm), and limit of detection (∼1 ppm) when compared
to those of conventional single-material structures upon exposure
to carbon monoxide. Furthermore, the proposed work demonstrated low
power consumption (2.36 mW) and high thermal durability (1500 on/off
cycles), demonstrating its potential for practical applications in
reliable and low-power operating gas sensor systems. These results
propose a new paradigm for power-efficient and robust self-heating
metal oxide gas sensors with potential implications for other fields
requiring thermal engineering.