Ultrafast All-Polymer Paper-Based Batteries

Abstract

Conducting polymers for battery applications have been subject to numerous investigations during the last two decades. However, the functional charging rates and the cycling stabilities have so far been found to be insufficient for practical applications. These shortcomings can, at least partially, be explained by the fact that thick layers of the conducting polymers have been used to obtain sufficient capacities of the batteries. In the present letter, we introduce a novel nanostructured high-surface area electrode material for energy storage applications composed of cellulose fibers of algal origin individually coated with a 50 nm thin layer of polypyrrole. Our results show the hitherto highest reported charge capacities and charging rates for an all polymer paper-based battery. The composite conductive paper material is shown to have a specific surface area of 80 m2 g−1 and batteries based on this material can be charged with currents as high as 600 mA cm−2 with only 6% loss in capacity over 100 subsequent charge and discharge cycles. The aqueous-based batteries, which are entirely based on cellulose and polypyrrole and exhibit charge capacities between 25 and 33 mAh g−1 or 38−50 mAh g−1 per weight of the active material, open up new possibilities for the production of environmentally friendly, cost efficient, up-scalable and lightweight energy storage systems.

Flexible, Solid Electrolyte-Based Lithium Battery Composed of LiFePO4Cathode and Li4Ti5O12Anode for Applications in Smart Textiles

“…The electronic conductivities of both the cathode and anode were ∼1 × 10 −4 Scm −1 , which is much higher than those of pure PEO, LiFePO 4 or Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 powders. However, compared to the conventional electron collecting materials, such as copper or aluminum, the electronic conductivity of the soft electrodes is still very small.…”

“…The first type included Cu or Al plates which are generally considered as lithium ion blocking electrodes. The second type included films cut from the cathode and anode sheets prepared from the LiFePO 4 and Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 materials. Results of our measurements are summarized in Table I.…”

Polypyrrole coated nylon lycra fabric as stretchable electrode for supercapacitor applications

“…In particular, ICPs are interesting candidates for flexible energy storage devices due to their relatively high theoretical capacities, fast redox properties, lightweight and mechanical flexibility [10][11][12][13][14]. A flexible ultrafast all-polymer battery composed of PPy coated cellulose fibres electrodes could be charged with currents as high as 600 mA cm -2 with only 6% capacity loss over 100 subsequent charge and discharge cycles [15]. Flexible supercapacitor with polypyrrole/manganese dioxide composites coated on polypropylene fibrous films as electrodes delivered an optimal capacitance of ~110 F g -1 [16].…”

Novel conductive polypyrrole/zinc oxide/chitosan bionanocomposite: synthesis, characterization, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities

“…[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Recently, electroactive Ppy/chitosan (CS) composite nanospheres and highly conductive Ppy/cellulose nanocomposite films with enhanced mechanical properties were introduced. 27,28 CS as a biodegradable, biocompatible, nontoxic, and lowcost biopolymer was used to prepare Ppy/CS composite films with the aim of increasing the mechanical, 29 antibacterial, 30 electrochemical, 31 and biocompatible properties of the resulting products.…”