Ultrafast Discharge and Enhanced Energy Density of Polymer Nanocomposites Loaded with 0.5(Ba_0.7Ca_0.3)TiO₃–0.5Ba(Zr_0.2Ti_0.8)O₃ One-Dimensional Nanofibers

Abstract

One-dimensional (1D) materials as fillers introduced into polymer matrixes have shown great potential in achieving high energy storage capacity because of their large dipole moments. In this article, 1D lead-free 0.5(BaCa)TiO-0.5Ba(ZrTi)O nanofibers (BCZT NFs) were prepared via electrospinning, and their formation mechanism was systematically studied. Polypropylene acyl tetraethylene pentamine (PATP) grafted into the surface of BCZT NFs was embedded in the polymer matrixes, which effectively improved the distribution and compatibility of the fillers via chemical bonding and confined the movement of the charge carriers in the interface filler-matrix. The energy density at a relatively low electric field 380 MV m was increased to 8.23 J cm by small loading of fillers, far more than that of biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) (≈ 1.2 J cm at 640 MV m). Moreover, the nanocomposite loaded with 2.1 vol % BCZT@PATP NFs exhibits a superior discharge speed of ≈0.189 μs, which indicates the potential application in practice. The finite element simulation of electric potential and electric current density distribution revealed that the PATP grafted into the BCZT NFs surface could significantly improve the dielectric performances. This work could provide a new design strategy for high-performance dielectric polymer nanocomposite capacitors.

Superior Energy‐Storage Capacitors with Simultaneously Giant Energy Density and Efficiency Using Nanodomain Engineered BiFeO3‐BaTiO3‐NaNbO3 Lead‐Free Bulk Ferroelectrics

“…According to the W D -t curves measured under different electric fields in Figure 2c, it is clear that the x = 0.1 ceramic exhibits a fast discharging speed under 20 kV mm −1 with a short discharge time of t 0.9 ≈97 ns ( Figure S3b, Supporting Information), which describes the discharge time corresponding to the 90% saturated W D value. The t 0.9 value achieved in the x = 0.1 ceramic is much smaller than that of most reported relaxor FEs, AFEs, and polymer nanocomposite capacitors (usually on the level of hundreds of nanoseconds), [19,37,38,42] as can be clearly seen in Table S2, Supporting Information. This fast discharging speed should be ascribed to a nearly linear and hysteresis-free polarization response mainly from the ionic displacement (see Figure 1e).…”

Interfacial Coupling Effect in Organic/Inorganic Nanocomposites with High Energy Density

“…Another approach (in situ method) to improve inorganic filler dispersion is to link the inorganic filler directly to the molecular chain of the host polymeric matrix. A series of core–shell structures were prepared via “grafting to” and “grafting from” methods . The strong filler/matrix interface of OINs can be enhanced by van der Waals force (e.g., nanofillers/polymer chains), covalent bonds (e.g., polymer chains/polymer matrix), physical entanglement (e.g., polymer chains/polymer matrix), and chemical cross‐linking (e.g., polymer chains/polymer matrix).…”

Nanostructured Ferroelectric‐Polymer Composites for Capacitive Energy Storage

“…Both the values are more than twofold larger than that of the pristine PVDF (i.e., ≈2.8 J cm −3 at 400 MV m −1 ). Zhai and co‐workers also synthesized a lead‐free 0.5(Ba 0.7 Ca 0.3 )–TiO 3 –0.5Ba(Zr 0.2 Ti 0.8 )O 3 (BCZT) nanofiber via electrospinning ( Figure a), whose surface was then coated using polypropylene acyl tetraethylene pentamine (PATP) as a shell layer (Figure b) . As shown in Figure c, the K of both the PVDF/BCZT and the PVDF/BCZT@PATP nanocomposites increases gradually, while the loss tangent decreases with the increase of the filler loading.…”

“…c) Frequency dependence of the dielectric constant ( K ) and the dielectric loss tangent of PVDF/BCZT@PATP and PVDF/BCZT nanocomposites with varied volume fractions measured at 1 kHz. Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society.…”