Ultrafast Emission and Detection of a Single-Electron Gaussian Wave Packet: A Theoretical Study

Ryu, Sung Uk; Kataoka, M.; Sim, Hyun Sub

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.117.146802

Cited by 45 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…S17 in Ref. 11 except the factor (−1) M , which comes from the boundary condition that the wave function vanishes at the left end l = −L of the QD. Now we write the initial localised wave packet ψ 0 at time t 0 as the superposition |ψ 0 = dE a E |Ψ E (t 0 ) of the scattering states, and obtain the expansion coefficient a E .…”

Section: Derivation Of the Ejection Probability In Eqmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S19 in Ref. 11 except the sign factor (−1) that comes from the boundary condition at the left end l = −L of the QD. The physical meaning of Eq.…”

Section: Derivation Of the Ejection Probability In Eqmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the dynamics of an electron emitted from the source has been extensively studied [6][7][8][9][10][11] , there is as yet no study of the dynamics inside the source. This is because the speed of the internal dynamics is typically higher than 100 GHz, beyond state-of-the-art experimental bandwidth 2 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Picosecond coherent electron motion in a silicon single-electron source

et al. 2019

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Understanding ultrafast coherent electron dynamics is necessary for application of a single-electron source to metrological standards 1 , quantum information processing 2 , including electron quantum optics 3 , and quantum sensing 4,5 .While the dynamics of an electron emitted from the source has been extensively studied 6-11 , there is as yet no study of the dynamics inside the source. This is because the speed of the internal dynamics is typically higher than 100 GHz, beyond state-of-the-art experimental bandwidth 2 . Here, we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate that the internal dynamics in a silicon singleelectron source comprising a dynamic quantum dot can be detected, utilising a resonant level with which the dynamics is read out as gate-dependent current oscillations. Our experimental observation and simulation with realistic parameters show that an electron wave packet spatially oscillates quantum-coherently at ∼ 200 GHz inside the source. Our results will lead to a protocol for detecting such fast dynamics in a cavity and offer a means of engineering electron wave packets 12 . This could allow high-accuracy current sources [13][14][15][16] , high-resolution and high-speed electromagnetic-field sensing 4 , and high-fidelity initialisation of flying qubits 17,18 .Owing to recent demonstrations of high-accuracy GHz operation 13-16 , a single-electron pump with a tunable-barrier quantum dot (QD) becomes promising for application to ondemand single-electron sources 1 . Because of the fast dynamic movement of the QD, there can occur nontrivial electron dynamics, such as non-adiabatic excitation 19 and subsequent coherent time evolution. While the non-adiabatic excitation could degrade the pumping accuracy, a spatial movement of an electron wave packet due to the coherent time evolution can be used for engineering a wave packet emitted from the QD 12 , which could make possible electron quantum optics experiments and high-speed quantum sensing with high resolution.In addition, understanding of the fast electron dynamics could offer insight into quantum computing with QDs. However, the existing standard measurement technique 20-22 does not have enough bandwidth to detect fast dynamics beyond 100 GHz. In order to overcome the limitation and detect the fast dynamics in the QD, we use a temporal change in a tunnel rate between a resonant level in a tunnel barrier and a QD, which is induced by the dynamic change of the QD potential.First of all, we explain how coherent oscillations of an electron in a single-electron pump 2 occur. A single-electron pump with a tunable-barrier QD consists of the entrance (Fig. 1a, left) and exit (right) potential barriers, formed by applying gate voltages V ent and V exit , respectively 23 . An AC voltage V ac (t) with frequency f in is added to dynamically tune the entrance barrier. The QD energy level is also tuned owing to the cross coupling. When the energy level E qd n (n = 1, 2, · · ·) of the QD with n electrons is lower than the Fermi level E f , electrons can be load...

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Section: Derivation Of the Ejection Probability In Eqmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S19 in Ref. 11 except the sign factor (−1) that comes from the boundary condition at the left end l = −L of the QD. The physical meaning of Eq.…”

Section: Derivation Of the Ejection Probability In Eqmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Picosecond coherent electron motion in a silicon single-electron source

et al. 2019

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“…Using quantum‐dot sources, single electrons have been emitted at high energy above the conductor Fermi level. The energy and time properties of the electron wavepackets have been analyzed . The partitioning of spin‐entangled electron pairs emitted in that way has been recently realized .…”

Section: Single‐electron Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levitons for electron quantum optics

Glattli

Roulleau

2016

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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Single electron sources enable electron quantum optics experiments where single electrons emitted in a ballistic electronic interferometer plays the role of a single photons emitted in an optical medium in Quantum Optics. A qualitative step has been made with the recent generation of single charge levitons obtained by applying Lorentzian voltage pulse on the contact of the quantum conductor. Simple to realize and operate, the source emits electrons in the form of striking minimal excitation states called levitons. We review the striking properties of levitons and their possible applications in quantum physics to electron interferometry and entanglement. Copyright line will be provided by the publisher 1 Single electron sources In this introduction, we will distinguish single charge sources from coherent single electrons sources. The former have been developed for quantum metrology where the goal is to transfer an integer charge at high frequency f through a conductor with good accuracy to realize a quantized current source whose current I = ef shows metrological accuracy. The latter, the coherent single electrons source, aims at emitting (injecting) a single electron whose wave-function is well defined and controlled to realize further single electron coherent manipulation via quantum gates. The gates are provided by electronic beam-splitters made with Quantum Point Contacts or provided by electronic Mach-Zehnder and FabryProt interferometers. Here it is important that the injected single electron is the only excitation created in the conductor. The frequency f of injection is not chosen to have a large current, as current accuracy is not the goal, but only to get sufficient statistics on the electron transfer events to extract physical information. single charge sources for current standardsThe first manipulation of single charges trace back to the early 90's where physicists took advantage of charge quantization of a submicronic metallic island nearly isolated from leads by tunnel barriers. The finite energy E C = e 2 /2C to charge the small capacitor C with a single charge being larger than temperature (typically one kelvin for

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“…One appealing perspective is that the time control of single electrons let envisage their use as flying qubits [3,4] where the information is encoded in the presence or absence of an electron in a quantum channel or encoded in the spin of the itinerant electron (to mimic photonic flying qubits encoded in the photon polarisation). Several approaches have been used for realizing the on-demand coherent injection of single electrons [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Here, we consider the voltage pulse source [11,12] which is simpler to built and operate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudorandom binary injection of levitons for electron quantum optics

Glattli

Roulleau

2018

Phys. Rev. B

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The recent realization of single electron sources lets envision performing electron quantum optics experiments, where electrons can be viewed as flying qubits propagating in a ballistic conductor. To date, all electron sources operate in a periodic electron injection mode leading to energy spectrum singularities in various physical observables which sometime hide the bare nature of physical effects. To go beyond, we propose a spread-spectrum approach where electron flying qubits are injected in a non-periodic manner following a pseudo-random binary bit pattern. Extending the Floquet scattering theory approach from periodic to spread-spectrum drive, the shot noise of pseudo-random binary sequences of single electron injection can be calculated for leviton and non-leviton sources. Our new approach allows to disentangle the physics of the manipulated excitations from that of the injection protocol. In particular, the spread spectrum approach is shown to provide a better knowledge of electronic Hong Ou Mandel correlations and to clarify the nature of the pulse train coherence and the role of the dynamical orthogonality catastrophe for non-integer charge injection.

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Ultrafast Emission and Detection of a Single-Electron Gaussian Wave Packet: A Theoretical Study

Cited by 45 publications

References 39 publications

Picosecond coherent electron motion in a silicon single-electron source

Picosecond coherent electron motion in a silicon single-electron source

Levitons for electron quantum optics

Pseudorandom binary injection of levitons for electron quantum optics

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