Ultrafast enhancement of interfacial exchange coupling in ferromagnetic bilayer

Abstract

Fast spin manipulation in magnetic heterostructures, where magnetic interactions between different materials often define the functionality of devices, is a key issue in the development of ultrafast spintronics. Although recently developed optical approaches such as ultrafast spin-transfer and spin-orbit torques open new pathways to fast spin manipulation, these processes do not fully utilize the unique possibilities offered by interfacial magnetic coupling effects in ferromagnetic multilayer systems. Here, we experimentally demonstrate ultrafast photo-enhanced interfacial exchange interactions in the ferromagnetic Co2FeAl/(Ga,Mn)As system at low laser fluence levels. The excitation efficiency of Co2FeAl with the (Ga,Mn)As layer is 30-40 times higher than the case with the GaAs layer at 5 K due to a photo-enhanced exchange coupling interaction via photoexcited charge transfer between the two ferromagnetic layers. In addition, the coherent spin precessions persist to room temperature, excluding the drive of photo-enhanced magnetization in the (Ga,Mn)As layer and indicating a proximity-effect-related optical excitation mechanism. The results highlight the importance of considering the range of interfacial exchange interactions in ferromagnetic heterostructures and how these magnetic coupling effects can be utilized for ultrafast, low-power spin manipulation.

Ultrafast optical observation of spin-pumping induced dynamic exchange coupling in ferromagnetic semiconductor/metal bilayer

“…The last term describes the spin torque which acts on both layers as a bidirectional effect, in which α sp represents the contribution of spin pumping to the damping and M denotes the magnetization of (Ga,Mn)As. Then, the effective Gilbert damping can be obtained from the relaxation time τ , using [14,15]…”

“…where H a and H b are determined in our previous analysis, which includes the out-of-plane, in-plane uniaxial, crystalline cubic, unidirectional and rotatable magnetic anisotropies. [15] Figure 2(a) shows the temperature-dependent Gilbert damping as a function of the external field. At T = 10 K, the damping of the magnetization precession is most pronounced with an external field H = 458 Oe.…”

“…The ultrafast pump excitation causes a transient enhancement of exchange coupling, [15] which induces a dynamic exchange-coupling torque acting on both Fe(Co) spins and Mn spins. In such a case, as shown in Fig.…”