A fragment-based approach for the prediction of elastic x-ray scattering is presented. The total di↵raction pattern is assembled from anisotropic form factors calculated for individual molecular fragments, optionally including corrections for pair-wise interactions between fragments. The approach is evaluated against full ab-initio scattering calculations in the peptide diphenylalanine, and the optimal selection of fragments is examined in the ethanol molecule. The approach is found to improve significantly on the independent atom model, while remaining conceptually simple and computationally e cient. It is expected to be particularly useful for macromolecules with repeated subunits, such as peptides, proteins, DNA or RNA, and other polymers where it is straightforward to define appropriate fragments.