Ultrafast Laser Pulses Enable One‐Step Graphene Patterning on Woods and Leaves for Green Electronics

Abstract

Fast, simple, cost-efficient, eco-friendly, and design-flexible patterning of highquality graphene from abundant natural resources is of immense interest for the mass production of next-generation graphene-based green electronics. Most electronic components have been manufactured by repetitive photolithography processes involving a large number of masks, photoresists, and toxic etchants; resulting in slow, complex, expensive, less-flexible, and often corrosive electronics manufacturing processes to date. Here, a one-step formation and patterning of highly conductive graphene on natural woods and leaves by programmable irradiation of ultrafast high-photon-energy laser pulses in ambient air is presented. Direct photoconversion of woods and leaves into graphene is realized at a low temperature by intense ultrafast light pulses with controlled fluences. Green graphene electronic components of electrical interconnects, flexible temperature sensors, and energy-storing pseudocapacitors are fabricated from woods and leaves. This direct graphene synthesis is a breakthrough toward biocompatible, biodegradable, and ecofriendlily manufactured green electronics for the sustainable earth.

Multifunctional Flexible Sensor Based on Laser-Induced Graphene

“…The novelty of this paper lies in the fabrication process and subsequent implementation of laser-induced graphene sensor. Firstly, the proposed fabrication approach solves the detachment issue of the graphene layer that is likely to happen in the case where the graphene formed on the source materials (e.g., polyimide film or recently natural woods or leaves), were directly used as the sensor electrodes, as commonly demonstrated in a lot of work [27,28,29,30,31,32,33]. At the same time, our proposed approach is simpler than the formulation of composite structures using elastomer or any other classes of material as shown in [34,35,36,37], which were proposed as alternative solutions for fabricating laser-induced graphene-based sensors.…”

Laser‐Induced Graphene/MoO2 Core‐Shell Electrodes on Carbon Cloth for Integrated, High‐Voltage, and In‐Planar Microsupercapacitors

“…This result suggests the addition of the Mo ion hydrogel ink did not greatly affect the quality of the LIG, and the high crystallized graphene was formed in the "recrystallization" of the amorphous carbon without substantial structural defects. [16,38] Moreover, the low-intensity peaks of 128, 266, 362, 491, 566, 742, and 816 cm −1 at low wavenumbers verify the MoO 2 nanoparticles' presence. [26,39] These characteristic peaks are relatively lower in the inside region of the CC, possibly because the Mo ions ink were not soaked enough by the inner layer.…”

“…[47] Compared with other energy storage devices, the MoO 2 /LIG-CC MSCs lie in the upper-right region of the Ragone plot, higher than the values reported from other LIG-based MSCs. These works can be divided into four main categories: i) pure LIG on different substrates, such as the commercial PI film, [14,17] cloth, paper, and food; [19] ii) in-situ fabricated pseudo-capacitance/LIG hybrid electrodes, such as the MnO 2 /LIG electrode on wood, [16] RuO 2 / LIG, [23] MoS 2 /LIG, [27] Co 3 O 4 /LIG, [28] and NiO/Co 3 O 4 /LIG electrodes on PI films; [24] iii) element-doped LIG electrodes, such as the LIG prepared in an Ar atmosphere, [13] a boron-doped LIG, [48] and a KOH-activated LIG; [49] and iv) electrophoretic deposition of the pseudo-capacitance/LIG multilayer materials, such as a PANI/LIG [24] and TiO 2/ LIG electrode. [25] In addition, the volumetric power and energy densities of a typical MoO 2 /LIG-CC MSC were calculated by using a similar method, except that the total volume of active electrodes was considered.…”

“…[12] Interestingly, recent studies have shown that by laser scribing, graphene can be in-situ synthesized on a variety of precursors, including polymers, natural materials, and even compounds containing lignin. [13][14][15][16] The as-prepared product, laser-induced graphene (LIG), is with few layers and a large theoretical surface area that can be immediately assembled into MSCs. [17][18][19][20][21] The currently commonly used material is polyimide (PI, Kapton) film, because it can produce high-quality LIG by a photothermal effect without sacrificing its inherent flexibility.…”

Biodegradable Materials for Sustainable Health Monitoring Devices

“…The inset shows the dependency of ln( R ) on 1/ T . Reproduced with permission from ref ( 245 ). Copyright 2019 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim.…”