Ultrafast Lithium‐Ion Batteries with Long‐Term Cycling Performance Based on Titanium Carbide/3D Interconnected Porous Carbon

Abstract

Carbon-based materials are a new class of highly conductive materials that have shown cutting-edge performance in energy storage. However, the lack of a rational design for three-dimensional (3D) structures continues to limit its performance in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, we report a 3D layered titanium carbide (TiC) prepared by a facile onepot carbonization treatment. This as-prepared TiC anode has unique continuous 3D architecture, embedded with nanodots and surface oxygenated defects that can provide fast electron and ionic transportation, as well as multiple electrochemical sites for the intercalation/deintercalation of lithium ions in LIBs, resulting in fast rate capability and excellent cycle life of LIBs, for instance, the LIBs consisting of 3D TiC exhibits a specific capacity of 225 mAh g À 1 at 10 A g À 1 after 10,000 cycles with a capacity retention of 95%. Our findings reinvent carbon-based materials, specifically TiC, as promising anode materials for LIBs.

TiC Nanomaterials with Varying Dimensionalities as Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…Also, there is a significant difference between the first and subsequent cycles. It is noted that a well-defined reduction peak is located at ∼0.67 V in the first cycle and disappears in the subsequent cycles for the cathodic curves of all the electrodes, which can be attributed to solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer formed on the surface of active particles due to the decomposition of the electrolyte . Meanwhile, the cathodic peaks at ∼1.45 ∼1.15, and ∼1.7 V for three electrodes in the first cycle may be assigned to the side reactions between Li + with TiC or some residual titanium-based oxides .…”

“…It is noted that a well-defined reduction peak is located at ∼0.67 V in the first cycle and disappears in the subsequent cycles for the cathodic curves of all the electrodes, which can be attributed to solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer formed on the surface of active particles due to the decomposition of the electrolyte. 31 Meanwhile, the cathodic peaks at ∼1.45 ∼1.15, and ∼1.7 V for three electrodes in the first cycle may be assigned to the side reactions between Li + with TiC or some residual titaniumbased oxides. 16 In the following cycles, the broad redox peaks at ∼0.77/1.0 V for TiC nanomaterials from all the CV curves may be associated with the insertion and desertion of Li ions into TiC interlayers without phase transition (eq 4).…”

Green Synthesis of CoZn-Based Metal–Organic Framework (CoZn-MOF) from Waste Polyethylene Terephthalate Plastic As a High-Performance Anode for Lithium-Ion Battery Applications

“…This variation can be attributed to the different production modes. 31 Figures S3b and S4 display the 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR spectra and thermogravimetric analysis results of the BDC prepared through PET chemical degradation. The results showed that the prepared BDC was relatively pure.…”

“…The liquid products of PET degradation were qualitatively analyzed using gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC-MS) using a TR-5 capillary column with dimensions of 30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm. 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR spectra were provided via a Bruker spectrometer (MSL 400). Electrochemical Measurements.…”

“…The structure of MOFs is significantly influenced during synthesis and preparation, thus affecting their lithium-ion storage performance. Different materials follow different reaction mechanisms. , For example, carbon materials and TiO 2 materials typically follow an insertion reaction mechanism, − while silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), tin (Sn), and various alloys follow alloying reaction mechanisms. Transition metal oxides and sulfides are associated with conversion reaction mechanisms .…”