Ultrafast Microwave-Assisted Route to Surfactant-Free Ultrafine Pt Nanoparticles on Graphene: Synergistic Co-reduction Mechanism and High Catalytic Activity

Kundu, Paromita; Nethravathi, C.; Deshpande, Parag A.; Rajamathi, Michael; Madras, Giridhar; Ravishankar, N.

doi:10.1021/cm200329a

Cited by 264 publications

(196 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…31 The increased stability observed for the present materials may be attributed to improved attachment between Pt nanoparticles and graphene sheet. 32 Given the elaborate nanoflower morphology observed in the electron transmission microscopy results of Figures 4 and 5, it was of interest to determine if these high-surface area structures could be used for other electrochemical reactions, such as ethanol oxidation. Pure graphene and Pt supported graphene electrodes exhibit two oxidation peak potentials at −350 mV and −500 mV vs. SCE in forward and backward scans respectively in alkaline conditions ( Figure 9).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrically Bloomed Platinum Nanoflowers on Exfoliated Graphene: An Efficient Alcohol Oxidation Catalyst

Zhang

Lopes

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Platinum (Pt) based electrocatalysts have electrochemical performance that outperforms many other noble metal and metal oxide based materials. Increasing performance allows a reduction in the platinum load, and thus reduce the cost of various devices such as fuel cells. A double pulse electrochemical approach was developed to nucleate and grow Pt nanoparticles into flower shaped assemblies on graphene sheets. The unique morphology and structure of the Pt were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The electrocatalytical activities of the Pt nanoflowers were evaluated using methanol and ethanol oxidation as model reactions. This proposed method has led to the synthesis of Pt nanoflowers with the ability to control, both their density and their size on defect free graphene. Alternative and renewable energy sources such as hydrogen and fuel cells provide a great opportunity to overcome the challenge of pollution and energy crises.1 However, cost, performance, and durability of these energy sources are major barrier for their wide-spread commercialization. It is the key driver behind the significant research on electrocatalysts that are used for various energy devices. Carbon supports, such as carbon black, Vulcan X and Ketjen Black, are generally used as supports for electrocatalysts for electrochemical applications. These electrodes using these carbon supports, however, present some important limitations such as inadequate corrosion resistance caused by electrochemical oxidation, structural deterioration, as well as the detachment of the active metal phase. Compared to carbon black, graphene, a two-dimensional carbon nanostructure, exhibits a higher corrosion resistance, high surface area and outstanding electronic, thermal, and mechanical properties; and is anticipated to be a promising replacement for conventional carbon supports.2-4 Recently we have developed an electrochemical exfoliation approach that reproducibly produced graphene at high yield and purity with the ability to modify graphene with polystyrene sulfonate to prevent re-stacking of the sheets. 5Making Pt-based electrocatalysts more-efficient is crucial as this directly leads to less precious metal usage, i.e. lower cost.6 Attempts to optimize the platinum utilization have occurred in parallel with the development of new ways to produce Pt nanostructures with smaller size and a better Pt dispersion on the support. 7 Several techniques have been explored in an attempt to produce efficient Pt electrocatalysts including chemical and physical methods such as chemical reduction [8][9][10] or sputter deposition techniques. 11-13 However, these techniques either lead to high metal loading with poor control of the size distribution or have proven difficult to scale up.9,14 Although great effort has been made toward the development of chimie douce production of shape-controlled Pt nanoparticles, hierarchical nanostructures with high specific surface area remain a challenge. 15 Additiona...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrically Bloomed Platinum Nanoflowers on Exfoliated Graphene: An Efficient Alcohol Oxidation Catalyst

Zhang

Lopes

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…Ravishankar et al [87] demonstrated an ultrafast method for the formation of graphene-supported Pt catalysts by the co-reduction of GO and Pt salt using ethylene glycol under microwave irradiation conditions. The resulting hybrid consists of ultrafine NPs of Pt uniformly dispersed on the reduced GO (rGO) substrate and the hybrid exhibits good catalytic activity for methanol oxidation and hydrogen conversion reaction.…”

Section: Microwave-assisted Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphitized nanocarbon-supported metal catalysts: synthesis, properties, and applications in heterogeneous catalysis

Huang

2017

Sci. China Mater.

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Graphitized nanocarbon materials can be an ideal catalyst support for heterogeneous catalytic systems. Their unique physical and chemical properties, such as large surface area, high adsorption capacity, excellent thermal and mechanical stability, outstanding electronic properties, and tunable porosity, allow the anchoring and dispersion of the active metals. Therefore, currently they are used as the key support material in many catalytic processes. This review summarizes recent relevant applications in supported catalysts that use graphitized nanocarbon as supports for catalytic oxidation, hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, and C-C coupling reactions in liquid-phase and gas-solid phase-reaction systems. The latest developments in specific features derived from the morphology and characteristics of graphitized nanocarbon-supported metal catalysts are highlighted, as well as the differences in the catalytic behavior of graphitized nanocarbon-supported metal catalysts versus other related catalysts. The scientific challenges and opportunities in this field are also discussed. Keywords: nanocarbon materials; graphitized carbon supports; metal catalysts; hetergeneous catalysis INTRODUCTIONCarbon combines its atoms in diverse hybridization states (sp, sp 2 , sp 3 ) to form a variety of polymorphs. These are composed entirely of carbon but have different physical structures and different names, including diamond, graphite, fullerenes, and carbines, among others [1][2][3][4][5]. Because these various and versatile allotropes produce materials with a large range of properties, carbon materials can be used in a number of technological processes, including high-tech catalytic ones [6][7][8][9][10].In heterogeneous catalysis, carbon material plays wellestablished and important roles in a wide range of applications, both as catalyst in its own right and as a unique support material [11][12][13][14][15]. The chemical stability of carbon supports in some specifically aqueous phase biomass conversion surpasses that of metal oxide materials; in addition, carbon materials present other common and key advantages as support materials for catalysis [1,5]. From the point of physical structure, porous carbon can be prepared in different forms (granules, cloth, fibers, pallets, etc.). Due to its chemical properties, carbon structure is resistant to both acidic and basic media. The structure of carbon is stable at high temperature (even above 1023 K under inert atmosphere). The hydrophilic/ hydrophobic nature of carbon can be easily modified. Active metals on the support can be easily reduced. For the purposes of industrial economy and environment, the active phase can be easily recovered. Conventional carbon supports are lower-cost and more easily available than other conventional supports. Although several kinds of carbon materials have been studied, active carbon (AC) [12,[16][17][18][19] and, to a lesser extend, carbon black [20][21][22][23] have long been the most commonly used carbon supports. AC is an amorphous solid prepa...

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“…There are few recent reports [175][176][177] for the supercapacitor applications. Controlled, defect-guided, metal-nanoparticle incorporation onto MX 2 via chemical and microwave routes: electrical, thermal, and structural properties were reported by Sreeprasad et al …”

Section: Microwave Irradiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Energy Applications of Two-Dimensional Layered Materials

2015

Can Chem Trans

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Atomically thin semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) layered materials have recently been emerged as an exciting area of research due to accessibility for easy synthesis using various chemical and physical methods. These two-dimensional (2D) layered materials with single layer have direct and wide band gap due to which, they are more suitable for nanoelectronics and optoelectronics device applications. Here, we present a review of the energy related aspects of atomically thin layered materials like MoS 2 , WS 2 , MoSe 2 , WSe 2 , InSe, GaSe, GaTe, MoTe 2 , WTe 2 etc. for supercapacitor, solar cell, lithium ion battery and water splitting application. By significantly assessing various materials and comparing their performances with challenging technology, the advantages and disadvantages of this promising area of energy materials are recognized, which may provide guidelines for future progress.

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Ultrafast Microwave-Assisted Route to Surfactant-Free Ultrafine Pt Nanoparticles on Graphene: Synergistic Co-reduction Mechanism and High Catalytic Activity

Cited by 264 publications

References 46 publications

Electrically Bloomed Platinum Nanoflowers on Exfoliated Graphene: An Efficient Alcohol Oxidation Catalyst

Electrically Bloomed Platinum Nanoflowers on Exfoliated Graphene: An Efficient Alcohol Oxidation Catalyst

Graphitized nanocarbon-supported metal catalysts: synthesis, properties, and applications in heterogeneous catalysis

Emerging Energy Applications of Two-Dimensional Layered Materials

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