Two-dimensional
(2D) gallium sulfide (GaS) offers a plethora of
exceptional electrical and optical properties, allowing it to be used
in a wide range of applications, including photodetectors, hydrogen
generation, and nonlinear optical devices. In this paper, ultrathin
2D GaS nanosheets are synthesized using the liquid-phase exfoliation
method, and the structure, morphology, and chemical composition of
the as-prepared nanosheets are extensively investigated. After depositing
2D GaS nanosheets on side polished fibers, successful saturable absorbers
(SAs) are fabricated for the first time. The realized modulation
depths are 10 and 5.3% at 1 and 1.5 μm, respectively, indicating
the wideband saturable absorption performance of the prepared SAs.
By integrating GaS-SAs into three different wavelength-based fiber
laser cavities, stable mode-locked pulses are achieved, having pulse
durations of 46.22 ps (1 μm), 614 fs (1.5 μm), and 1.02
ps (2 μm), respectively. Additionally, different orders of harmonic
mode-locked pulses with the highest repetition rate of 0.55 GHz (45th
order) and Q-switched pulses with the shortest pulse duration of 2.2
μs are obtained in the telecommunication waveband. These findings
suggest that 2D GaS has a lot of potential for broadband ultrafast
photonics in nonlinear photonics devices.