Ultrafiltration Characteristics of Oil-Detergent-Water Systems: Membrane Fouling Mechanisms

Bhattacharyya, Dibakar; Jumawan, A. B.; Grieves, Robert B.; Harris, L. R.

doi:10.1080/01496397908068474

Cited by 56 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In brief, the presence of the 20% soybean oil resulted in a substantial flux improvement of 29-52% increase over the P t range tested. This phenomenon has been reported before in different oil-water emulsion systems (Akay and Wakeman, 1993;Bhattacharyya et al, 1979). Not only was the permeate flux higher, the rate of flux decay was also slower in the presence of oil.…”

Section: Effect Of Soybean Oilsupporting

confidence: 85%

Two-phase bioconversion product recovery by microfiltration I. Steady state studies

Conrad

Lee

1998

Biotechnol. Bioeng.

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Recovery of an aqueous bioconversion product from complex, two‐phase Pseudomonas putida broths containing 20% (v/v) soybean oil presents a significant challenge for downstream processing. Although not used before in multiple‐phase separation for complex biotech products, crossflow filtration employing ceramic filters is one of the most attractive options which allow the design of integrated, continuous bioconversion processes. As a first attempt, we studied multichannel, monolithic ceramic membranes of different nominal pore sizes and lumen diameters under steady‐state conditions. The best performance was obtained with 0.2‐μm‐pore/3‐mm‐lumen membrane, which completely rejected both cells and oil droplets from the permeate, creating a clear aqueous product stream. Although the same separation was achieved, the 50K molecular weight cut‐off (MWCO) ultrafilter showed greater irreversible but similar reversible resistance, in addition to an order‐of‐magnitude higher membrane resistance. Larger nominal pore microfilters, such as 0.45 and 1.0 μm, experienced both cell and oil leakage even at low transmembrane pressure (10 psig). Attributed to greater shear at the same recirculation rate, smaller lumen filters did provide greater permeate flux. However, for practical purposes, the 0.2‐μm‐pore/4‐mm‐lumen ceramic membrane was chosen for further evaluation. Transmembrane pressures up to 50 psig provided only marginal gains in filtration performance, whereas increasing shear rate resulted in linear increases in steady‐state flux, presumably due to formation of shear‐sensitive, complex gel/oil/cell layer near the membrane surface. A nominal shear rate of 9200 s−1 and 20 psig transmembrane pressure were chosen as optimal operating conditions. Additional studies in a clean system revealed that as low as 5% (v/v) soybean oil in deionized (DI) water resulted in an order‐of‐magnitude decline in steady‐state permeate flux. Breakthrough of oil droplets occurred at 35 psig transmembrane pressure. The severe fouling and breakthrough phenomena disappeared in the presence of washed cells for transmembrane pressure up to 43 psig, implying an oil/cell layer coating the membrane surface, thus preventing oil penetration. Serious membrane fouling was also experienced in microfiltration of oil‐free, cell‐free supernatant and oil‐free whole broth. Consequently, soluble proteins/surfactants were suspected to be the major membrane foulants. Interestingly, soybean oil up to 30% (v/v) enhanced the flux, presumably through complicated interactions with the major foulants. Regeneration of membrane was best achieved with protease and hot caustic/bleach treatments, supporting the hypothesized fouling mechanisms mentioned above. This work provides process and system information for batch microfiltration runs in the future, to be reported elsewhere as Part II of this work. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 57: 631–641, 1998

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Section: Effect Of Soybean Oilsupporting

confidence: 85%

Two-phase bioconversion product recovery by microfiltration I. Steady state studies

Conrad

Lee

1998

Biotechnol. Bioeng.

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“…Non-ionic surfactants of the polyethylene oxide type increased the relative fluxes in UF of a natural brown water. Recovery from a flux decline in UF is also documented for distilled water-detergent systems (Bhattacharyya et al 1979), and flux improvements have been obtained for UF of bovine serum albumin through detergent-pretreated regenerated cellulose, polyacrylic and polyamide membranes (Fane et al 1985).…”

Section: Nom Fractions 171mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of NOM characteristics and membrane type on microfiltration performance

Gray

Ritchie²,

Tran

et al. 2007

Water Research

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Efforts to understand and predict the role of different organic fractions in the fouling of low-pressure membranes are presented. Preliminary experiments with an experimental apparatus that incorporates automatic backwashing and filtration over several days has shown that microfiltration of the hydrophilic fractions leads to rapid flux decline and the formation of a cake or gel layer, while the hydrophobic fractions show a steady flux decline and no obvious formation of a gel or cake layer. The addition of calcium to the weakly hydrophobic acid (WHA) fraction led to the formation of a gel layer from associations between components of the WHA. The dominant foulants were found to be the neutral and charged hydrophilic compounds, with hydrophobic and small pore size membranes being the most readily fouled. The findings suggest that surface analyses such as FTIR will preferentially identify hydrophilic compounds as the main foulants, as these components form a gel layer on the surface while the hydrophobic compounds adsorb within the membrane pores.Furthermore, coagulation pre-treatment is also likely to reduce fouling by reducing pore constriction rather than the formation of a gel layer, as coagulants remove the hydrophobic compounds to a large extent and very little of the hydrophilic neutral components.

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“…The pure water flux after pretreatment (J(t)) with cleaners may be relatively higher or lower compared to initial flux, J o because of membrane-cleanser interaction (unblocking of pores or adsorption in the membrane pores) and/or surface fouling which increases the resistance, R, reported by Bhattacharyya et al, 1979, result of membrane-cleanser interaction. In the case of unblocking of pores (R i ϭ 0, no membrane-cleanser interaction), the normal membrane resistance, R o will definitely decrease and membrane water flux, J(t), will increase.…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of cleansers on a polysulphone membrane used for milk ultrafiltration

Nwuha

1996

Int J of Food Sci Tech

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Membrane stress and apparent water flux were measured as a function of time, pressure and milk concentration during unstirred ultrafiltration of milk with a polysulphone membrane. Membrane properties changed considerably after exposure to six common membrane cleanser's with notable changes in the rate of declines in milk flux (Q), increase (inorganic and organic cleansers) and decrease (surfactants) in relative hydraulic resistance (RHR) values.

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Ultrafiltration Characteristics of Oil-Detergent-Water Systems: Membrane Fouling Mechanisms

Cited by 56 publications

References 7 publications

Two-phase bioconversion product recovery by microfiltration I. Steady state studies

Two-phase bioconversion product recovery by microfiltration I. Steady state studies

Effect of NOM characteristics and membrane type on microfiltration performance

Influence of cleansers on a polysulphone membrane used for milk ultrafiltration

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