Ultrafine grain-size tin-oxide films for carbon monoxide monitoring in urban environments

Barbi, G; Santos, J.P.; Serrini, P.; Gibson, P.N.; Horrillo, M.C.; Manes, L.

doi:10.1016/0925-4005(95)85122-4

Cited by 60 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This mechanism results in a change of the film conductivity, which corresponds to the gas concentration. Although semiconductor metal-oxide gas sensors are promising, low selectivity, high-power consumption, and lack of long term stability have prevented their use in more demanding applications [8]. In the literature, there are several approaches to reduce these limitations, such as use of catalysts and promoters, multisensor array systems, optimization of sensors' operating temperature, and use of nanotechnology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of ZnO Nanobelt-Based Gas Sensor for ${\rm H}_{2}$, ${\rm NO}_{2}$, and Hydrocarbon Sensing

et al. 2007

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A conductometric H 2 , NO 2 , and hydrocarbon gas sensor based on single-crystalline zinc oxide (ZnO) nanobelts has been developed. The nanobelt sensitive layer was deposited using a radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputterer. The microcharacterization study reveals that the nanobelts have a single crystal hexagonal structure with average thickness and width of about 10 and 50 nm, respectively. The sensor was exposed to H 2 , NO 2 and propene gases at operating temperatures between 150 C and 450 C. The study showed that optimum operating temperatures for the sensor are in the range of 300 C-400 C for H 2 , 300 C-350 C for NO 2 , and 350 C-420 C for propene sensing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of ZnO Nanobelt-Based Gas Sensor for ${\rm H}_{2}$, ${\rm NO}_{2}$, and Hydrocarbon Sensing

et al. 2007

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“…Magnetron sputtering allows one to vary the crystalline structure of the fi lm from amorphous to single crystal (epitaxial) just by changing the substrate temperature and the rate of deposition (LeGore et al 1997 ;Kissin et al 1999a ) , whereas the fi lm stoichiometry is driven by the amount of oxygen in the vacuum chamber (Williams and Coles 1993 ;DiGiulio et al 1996 ;Miccoci et al 1996 ;Kissin et al 1999b ) . The minimum crystallite size in the gas-sensitive polycrystalline MOX thin fi lms is now down to 3 nm (Barbi et al 1995 ) . According to Demarne and Grisel ( 1993 ) , DC magnetron sputtering allows one to use lower temperatures than radio-frequency sputtering, a de fi nite advantage for Si substrates.…”

Section: Thin-film Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Technologies Suitable for Gas Sensor Fabrication

Korotcenkov

2013

Integrated Analytical Systems

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in gas sensors is one of the most important tasks of modern materials science. As shown in previous chapters, materials used in gas sensors need to ful fi ll a range of requirements related to the crystallographic structure, chemical composition, electrophysical properties, catalytic activity, and so on. These materials also show a great deal of variation. Materials for gas sensors can come in a variety of forms, including fi lms, ceramics, or powders. Their structure may be amorphous, glassy, nanocrystalline, polycrystalline, single crystalline, or epitaxial. They may be either dense or porous. These materials may be elementary substances, complex compounds, or composites. Polymers, metals, dielectrics, and semiconductors can also be used as materials for chemical sensors. They may be either organic or inorganic in nature.This vast amount of variation indicates that it is impossible to produce such a wide range of materials using just one method. The possible differences in the physical-chemical properties of the materials are too great; so too are the resulting differences in the conditions required for the synthesis and deposition of these materials. Therefore, for preparing gas sensor materials with required properties we have to use various methods (see Fig. 28.1 ). These techniques differ in deposition rates, substrate temperature during deposition, precursor materials, the necessary equipment, expenditure, and the quality of the resulting fi lms. A short account of these methods is presented in Table 28.1 . One can fi nd more detailed analysis of these methods in a vast array of quality reviews devoted to the subject (Brinker and Scherer 1990 ; It is clear that the selection of a method acceptable for sensor material synthesis or deposition during sensor design and fabrication is a complicated task, and we need to analyze many different factors, including the type of technology which will be used for sensor fabrication: ceramic, thick-fi lm, or thin-fi lm technologies. Of course, every technology has advantages and disadvantages. Tables 28.2 and 28.3 present a comparison of several of these methods. Limitations of technology based on the use of 1D nanomaterials (nanowires, nanotubes, etc.) were discussed in

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“…Hübner and Obermeier (64) reported basic studies on semiconducting materials suitable for carbon monoxide sensing, and later Barbi et al (65) reported sensors for the monitoring of CO in urban environments [for carbon dioxide, see Kaneyasu et al (66) ]. Carbon monoxide is a highly toxic pollutant occurring mainly as a consequence of incomplete combustion processes.…”

Section: Conductivity Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid‐state Sensors for Field Measurements of Gases and Vapors

Mujahid

Lieberzeit

Dickert

2000

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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Remote and infield analysis is developing into a crucial aspect of modern analytical chemistry. Chemical sensors, which are small measuring devices consisting of a recognition layer, a transducer, and the measurement electronics, have proven to be highly suitable tools for this purpose. Although usually they are constructed for the detection of very limited amounts of chemical compounds and often do not reach the detection limits of modern analytical instruments, they show very desirable advantages: the systems are easy to operate, mostly rugged, small, of good value, and can be manufactured by established technological methods. Owing to their size and ruggedness, they can even be operated in harsh environments and often can be constructed to be suitable for remote measurements, where several sensors are interrogated by a central analytical site. Devices being used include optical fibers, field‐effect transistors (FETs), electrochemical cells (be they potentiometric or amperometric), and mass‐sensitive components of all kinds. The chemically sensitive coatings range from bare transducer surfaces to dyes reacting with analyte or sterically specific binding sites (e.g. host–guest complexes). A seeming drawback is the fact that only few sensors react specifically toward one defined component but normally show a sensitivity pattern toward chemically related substances. By using an array of several components followed by modern methods of data evaluation (such as neural networks), a group of analytes can be detected and characterized simultaneously. This article introduces device and recognition layer principles as well as covering field sensors published during the last one and a half decades based on all the different kinds of transducers and sensor layers. Some of the devices (such as the lambda probe) are already marketed, others are developed to a stage where field measurements have already been carried out, but which are not market‐ready.

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Ultrafine grain-size tin-oxide films for carbon monoxide monitoring in urban environments

Cited by 60 publications

References 4 publications

Characterization of ZnO Nanobelt-Based Gas Sensor for ${\rm H}_{2}$, ${\rm NO}_{2}$, and Hydrocarbon Sensing

Characterization of ZnO Nanobelt-Based Gas Sensor for ${\rm H}_{2}$, ${\rm NO}_{2}$, and Hydrocarbon Sensing

Technologies Suitable for Gas Sensor Fabrication

Solid‐state Sensors for Field Measurements of Gases and Vapors

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