Ultrafine-grained Ti-based composites with high strength and low modulus fabricated by spark plasma sintering

Biomedical TiNbZrTaSi alloys designed by d-electron alloy design theory

“…Further ultrasonic measurement demonstrates that the dynamic elastic moduli of the as-sintered bulk alloys are 42-48 GPa ( Table 1). The elastic modulus obtained here is almost equivalent to that of Ti-35Nb-4Sn alloy [13], smaller than those of fine-grained (FGed) Ti 74.4 Nb 25.6 , Ti 75 Zr 10 Si 15 , Ti 60 Zr 10 Nb 15 Si 15 [11], UFGed Ti 69.12 Fe 26.88 Ta 4 [27] bulk alloys fabricated by cast method, and less than those of Ti 45 Zr 10 Cu 31 Pd 10 Sn 4 glassy alloy [28] and UFGed Ti 65.5 Nb 22.3 Zr 4.6 Ta 1.6 Fe 6 bulk alloys prepared by SPS [22], and far less than those of pure Ti (100 GPa) and Ti-6Al-4V (112 GPa), respectively. Therefore, the excellent combination of enhanced strength, good ductility, and low elastic modulus reported here is far superior to those of the cited biomedical titanium alloys.…”

“…It has been reported that ultrafine-grained (UFGed) titanium and titanium alloys have increased osteoblast adhesion [20] and higher wear resistance [21] compared with their coarse-grained counterparts. Results indicated that the wear loss of the UFGed TiNbZrTaFe alloy is only 3.5% and 1% of that of biomedical Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloys, respectively [21,22]. Therefore, fabrication of the finer grain structure becomes a significant academic question for biomedical titanium alloys.…”

“…The fabricated alloys have an excellent combination of enhanced strength, ultralarge ductility and low elastic modulus, which is far superior to those of the cited biomedical titanium alloys. The selection of Ti 69.71 Nb 23.72 Zr 4.83 Ta 1.74 alloy system is due to its excellent biocompatibility and low elastic modulus [7,12,22]. Si is selected as a minor addition constituent element due to its relatively low cost, low density (ρ Si = 2.3 g/cm 3 ) and good biocompatibility [7,15,23].…”

Unusual dry sliding tribological behavior of biomedical ultrafine-grained TiNbZrTaFe composites fabricated by powder metallurgy

“…According to previous results, the three kinds of TNZTF alloys have different grain sizes fabricated at different sintering parameters. 10 All sintered bulk alloys have a cylindrical shape with a dimension of f20 mm  8 mm. Two kinds of biomedical reference alloys, the forged TAV and cast TNZ alloys in the form of cylindrical bars with a diameter of 40 mm, were supplied by Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research, China.…”

“…More recently, a biomedical ultrafine-grained (UFGed) Ti 65.5 Nb 22.3 Zr 4.6 Ta 1.6 Fe 6 (TNZTF) composite was developed in our research group by sintering of metallic glass powder. 10 The developed UFGed TNZTF composite has a dual bcc b-type structure, bcc FeTi phase surrounded by bcc b-Ti matrix, exhibiting a high fracture strength of 2650 MPa along with a low Young's modulus of 52 GPa, respectively. Because of increasing osteoblast adhesion of UFGed structure, 11 it is expected that the UFGed TNZTF composite has a better biomechanical compatibility compared to its coarse-grained counterpart.…”