Ultrafine intralath precipitation of V(C,N) in 12Cr-1MoWV (wt.%) ferritic/martensitic steel

Rietema, Connor J.; Hassan, Mehadi; Anderoglu, Osman; Eftink, B.P.; Saleh, Tarik A.; Maloy, S.A.; Clarke, Amy J.; Clarke, Kester D.

doi:10.1016/j.scriptamat.2021.113787

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A fine, high volume fraction and dispersed precipitates [ 57 ] are crucial to achieving and upkeeping strength in the final steel component. Rietema et al [ 58 ] revealed that altering the N content changes the shape and volume fraction of V(C,N). The higher N content the greater volume fraction of V(C,N).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing Fundamentals and Performance Investigation of Selective Laser Melting of High‐Speed Steel in Reactive N₂ Atmosphere

Zhang

Sun

Gao

et al. 2023

steel research int.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The selective laser melting (SLM), also termed as laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), is attractive for its ability to fabricate complex metallic components with great geometrical design freedom and manufacturing capacity. [1,2] The high heating/cooling rate and thermal input of laser processing result in refined grain and tailored microstructure, [3] leading to a notable Hall-Petch effect and improved mechanical performance of manufactured parts. Furthermore, SLM provides an effective way for the design and fabrication of high performance metal matrix composites (MMCs), wherein varieties of reinforced particles, [4,5] carbon nanotube, [6] and whiskers [7] can be added to metals, alloys, and even intermetallics through both ex situ and in situ approaches. [8] High speed steels (HSS) [9] are widely used in the production of cutting tools, drilling tools, extrusion molds, precision dies, and high temperature bearings due to their combination of high hardness (>60 HRC), strength (bending strength >2000 MPa), and wear resistance (high amount of carbides). In recent years, SLM of high speed steel, cold work die steel, hot work die steel, and similar tool and die steels has gained significant attention due to its ability to produce complicated parts and implementation of individually forming internal cooling channels. [10,11] This can significantly increase the cooling efficiency, application reliability, and service life of SLM-manufactured tools and molds. However, the available data in the literature [12,13] have shown that high speed steels are prone to cracking during the SLM cyclic remelting process with fast cooling rates due to their high carbon content (ranging from 0.8 to >3 wt%), [14] large amount of strong carbide forming elements, and thermal residual stress. The microstructure of SLM-processed high speed steel usually consists of martensite, retained austenite, carbides, and possibly eutectic structures. [15] In addition, Saewe et al. [16] found that the temperature gradients in the SLM process create grain growth in the build direction, resulting in columnar dendritic crystal, which can cause brittleness and promote crack formation. Recent results produced by Platl et al. [17] suggest the cracks propagate predominantly along the network of M 2 C eutectic carbide deposited at the grain boundaries of carbon martensite and retained austenite matrix. They indicated that the stress-induced cracking of eutectic carbides, which emerge from the tensile stress accumulations during solidification and cooling stages, is the predominant cracking mechanism of the LPBF-processed tool steel. Therefore, several studies focus on the additional preheating [18,19] during the SLM process to reduce the cumulative tensile stress and residual stresses. Among these studies,

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing Fundamentals and Performance Investigation of Selective Laser Melting of High‐Speed Steel in Reactive N₂ Atmosphere

Zhang

Sun

Gao

et al. 2023

steel research int.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Another important aspect that needs to be concerned is the precipitate's characteristics (including composition, size, and density) that could be tailored dramatically via nitrogen alloying. A recent work has reported that introducing nitrogen into martensitic stainless steel could facilitate the ultrafine V(C,N) precipitate, which is a very effective strengthening precipitate (Rietema et al, 2021). Due to the intrinsic difference between carbide and nitride, partial substitution of carbon by nitrogen turned out to be a promising concept to achieve better performance (Feng et al, 2019;Gavriljuk et al, 1999).…”

Section: Prospects On Candidate Pathways To Make Breakthrough: Concen...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring New Strategies for Ultrahigh Strength Steel via Tailoring the Precipitates

Tian

2021

Front. Mater.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ultrahigh-strength (UHS) steels have shown great potential in the field of high-end equipment manufacturing in demand of lightweight engineering and performance upgrade. A significant research effort has been directed toward the development of advanced UHS steels with excellent combination of strength and toughness. In the course of development, tailoring precipitates by means of composition design and process optimization is absolutely a critical module. In this mini review, typical UHS steels strengthened by carbides and intermetallics are systematically summarized and discussed. With the increase of strength, the toughness losses of UHS steels strengthened by carbides and intermetallics have been compared in detail. In particular, the in-depth mechanisms leading to various strength/toughness variation trends have been discussed, extracting the bottleneck in developing new-generation UHS steels containing merely one type of precipitate. Meanwhile, prospects on designing advanced UHS steels strengthened by coexisting dispersive precipitates have been proposed to achieve better performance.

show abstract

“…In addition to M 23 C 6 -type precipitates, MX precipitates (M = V and/or Nb, X = C and/or N) also play a vital role in strengthening. Moreover, the presence of a high amount of N in P91 steel can easily form enough fine and stable MX nitrides which contribute to creep resistance [24][25][26]. However, excess N can also form brittle BN particles, which act as crack initiation sites [27,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of B and N Content and Austenitization Temperature on the Tensile and Impact Properties of Modified 9Cr-1Mo Steels

Rejeesh

Barik

Mitra

et al. 2023

Metals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The present study investigates the relative effect of B and N concentrations and the austenitization temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties (tensile and Charpy impact) of modified 9Cr-1Mo (P91) steels. Initially, a B-free P91 steel (with 500 ppm N) and four different B-containing steels (25–100 ppm) with varying N concentrations (20–108 ppm) were hot-rolled, normalized from different austenitization temperatures (1000–1100 °C/1 h) and finally tempered at 760 °C for 1 h. A Charpy impact test shows that the ductile–brittle transition temperature (DBTT) of all the B-added steels decreases with an increase in the austenitization temperature, where the 100 ppm B steel offers the lowest DBTT (−85 °C). Similarly, the strength increases with the increase in the austenitization temperature (1100 °C), with a slight drop in ductility. The influence of precipitates on the microstructure and mechanical properties is explained considering the B enrichment at the precipitates and the thermodynamic stability of the precipitates. The 100 ppm B steel (containing the maximum B and minimum N), normalized from 1100 °C austenitization, shows the best combination of tensile and Charpy impact properties, owing to the effective dissolution of coarse M23C6 and MX precipitates during the normalization treatment and the formation of fine B-rich (Fe,Cr)23(B,C)6 precipitates during the subsequent tempering.

show abstract

Ultrafine intralath precipitation of V(C,N) in 12Cr-1MoWV (wt.%) ferritic/martensitic steel

Cited by 10 publications

References 23 publications

Processing Fundamentals and Performance Investigation of Selective Laser Melting of High‐Speed Steel in Reactive N₂ Atmosphere

Processing Fundamentals and Performance Investigation of Selective Laser Melting of High‐Speed Steel in Reactive N₂ Atmosphere

Exploring New Strategies for Ultrahigh Strength Steel via Tailoring the Precipitates

Effect of B and N Content and Austenitization Temperature on the Tensile and Impact Properties of Modified 9Cr-1Mo Steels

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Ultrafine intralath precipitation of V(C,N) in 12Cr-1MoWV (wt.%) ferritic/martensitic steel

Cited by 10 publications

References 23 publications

Processing Fundamentals and Performance Investigation of Selective Laser Melting of High‐Speed Steel in Reactive N2 Atmosphere

Processing Fundamentals and Performance Investigation of Selective Laser Melting of High‐Speed Steel in Reactive N2 Atmosphere

Exploring New Strategies for Ultrahigh Strength Steel via Tailoring the Precipitates

Effect of B and N Content and Austenitization Temperature on the Tensile and Impact Properties of Modified 9Cr-1Mo Steels

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Processing Fundamentals and Performance Investigation of Selective Laser Melting of High‐Speed Steel in Reactive N₂ Atmosphere

Processing Fundamentals and Performance Investigation of Selective Laser Melting of High‐Speed Steel in Reactive N₂ Atmosphere