Ultrafine Particle Distribution and Chemical Composition Assessment during Military Operative Trainings

Campagna, Marcello; Pilia, Ilaria; Marcias, Gabriele; Frattolillo, Andrea; Pili, Sergio; Bernabei, M.; d’Aloja, Ernesto; Cocco, Pierluigi; Buonanno, Giorgio

doi:10.3390/ijerph14060579

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Median UFPs number concentration measured by environmental sampling were comparable to those measured inside the military airport located downwind to the take-off and taxiing area, where the median UFP count ranged between 3.7 × 10 3 and 2.9 × 10 4 particles/cm 3 [1,2]. UFPs peak values are quite comparable to UFPs concentration measured by previous studies in others airport during taxing, take-off and landing of different aircraft [43][44][45][46]. The chemical characterization has shown a substantially overlapping composition.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Occupational Fine/Ultrafine Particles and Noise Exposure in Aircraft Personnel Operating in Airport Taxiway

et al. 2019

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The occupational exposure to airborne fine and ultrafine particles (UFPs) and noise in aircraft personnel employed in airport taxiway was investigated. Stationary samplings and multiple personal sampling sites and job tasks were considered. Size distribution, particle number concentrations, lung dose surface area were measured by personal particle counters and by means of an electric low pressure impactor (ELPI+TM). Morphological and chemical characterization of UFPs were performed by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, the latter together with energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy based spatially resolved compositional mapping. A-weighted noise exposure level A-weighted noise exposure level normalized to an 8 h working day and Peak Sound C-weighted Pressure Level was calculated for single worker and for homogeneous exposure groups. Our study provides evidence on the impact of aviation-related emissions on occupational exposure to ultrafine particles and noise exposure of workers operating in an airport taxiway. Main exposure peaks are related to pre-flight operations of engine aircrafts. Although exposure to ultrafine particles and noise appears to not be critical if compared with other occupational scenarios, the coincidence in time of high peaks of exposure to ultrafine particles and noise suggest that further investigations are warranted in order to assess possible subclinical and clinical adverse health effects in exposed workers, especially for cardiovascular apparatus.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Occupational Fine/Ultrafine Particles and Noise Exposure in Aircraft Personnel Operating in Airport Taxiway

et al. 2019

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“…The second group is PM 10 , an essential fraction of PM mostly produced by mechanical processes and with sizes between 2.5 and 10 micrometers (μm). PM 10 is also called "coarse fraction" or "breathable fraction" because of its ability to enter the respiratory tract [19]. Finally, the third group is PM 2.5 or "fine fraction" whose aerodynamic diameter is ≤2.5 μm.…”

Section: Environmental Air Pollution Pm and Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, the third group is PM 2.5 or "fine fraction" whose aerodynamic diameter is ≤2.5 μm. PM 2.5 is mainly derived from combustion sources, such as automobiles, trucks, and other vehicle exhausts, as well as from stationary combustion sources [19]. PM 2.5 can easily reach the terminal bronchioles and alveoli, from where can be phagocytosed by alveolar macrophages and cross the capillary-alveolar barrier to be transported to other organs by blood circulation [20].…”

Section: Environmental Air Pollution Pm and Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate Matter Exposure: Genomic Instability, Disease, and Cancer Risk

Espitia-Pérez¹,

Jiménez-Vidal²,

Espitia-Pérez³

2020

Environmental Health - Management and Prevention Practices

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The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP/WHO) defines particulate matter (PM) as a mixture of solid or liquid particles suspended and dispersed in the air. Constituted by a complex mixture of organic and inorganic components like metals, acids, soil, and dust is considered a major human carcinogen present in air pollution. When inhaled, PM particles penetrate the respiratory tract, where they affect different organs and systems depending on their aerodynamic size and chemical properties. In the organism, this cocktail-like mixture can interact with cellular mechanisms related to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and can cause damage to important macromolecules such as DNA, lipids, and proteins. Additionally, PM induces a variety of effects at a cellular level, such as inflammation, DNA damage, and genomic instability, acting as a driving force of carcinogenic processes and increasing the incidence of respiratory, cardiopulmonary, neurogenerative, and neurodevelopment disorders. This book chapter reviews the main characteristics of PM, its effects on health, and its role in genomic instability and associated molecular mechanisms. Additionally, we explore different biomarkers associated with PM exposure, DNA damage, and the influence of PM-related oxidative stress in disease development.

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“…PM 10 often referred to as the coarse fraction, is mostly produced by mechanical processes. By contrast, PM 2.5 is mainly derived from combustion sources, such as automobiles, trucks, and other vehicle exhaust, as well as from stationary combustion sources and PM <1.0 is generated by photochemical processes and combustion, also from various natural and anthropogenic sources (Campagna et al, 2017). These elements incorporated with atmospheric PM may enter the body through inhalation (Li et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geospatial analysis of residential proximity to open-pit coal mining areas in relation to micronuclei frequency, particulate matter concentration, and elemental enrichment factors

et al. 2018

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During coal surface mining, several activities such as drilling, blasting, loading, and transport produce large quantities of particulate matter (PM) that is directly emitted into the atmosphere. Occupational exposure to this PM has been associated with an increase of DNA damage, but there is a scarcity of data examining the impact of these industrial operations in cytogenetic endpoints frequency and cancer risk of potentially exposed surrounding populations. In this study, we used a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) approach and Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) methods to perform a spatial and statistical analysis to explore whether exposure to PM and PM pollution, and additional factors, including the enrichment of the PM with inorganic elements, contribute to cytogenetic damage in residents living in proximity to an open-pit coal mining area. Results showed a spatial relationship between exposure to elevated concentrations of PM PM and micronuclei frequency in binucleated (MNBN) and mononucleated (MNMONO) cells. Active pits, disposal, and storage areas could be identified as the possible emission sources of combustion elements. Mining activities were also correlated with increased concentrations of highly enriched elements like S, Cu and Cr in the atmosphere, corroborating its role in the inorganic elements pollution around coal mines. Elements enriched in the PM fraction contributed to increasing of MNBN but seems to be more related to increased MNMONO frequencies and DNA damage accumulated in vivo. The combined use of GIS and IDW methods could represent an important tool for monitoring potential cancer risk associated to dynamically distributed variables like the PM.

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Ultrafine Particle Distribution and Chemical Composition Assessment during Military Operative Trainings

Cited by 4 publications

References 37 publications

Occupational Fine/Ultrafine Particles and Noise Exposure in Aircraft Personnel Operating in Airport Taxiway

Occupational Fine/Ultrafine Particles and Noise Exposure in Aircraft Personnel Operating in Airport Taxiway

Particulate Matter Exposure: Genomic Instability, Disease, and Cancer Risk

Geospatial analysis of residential proximity to open-pit coal mining areas in relation to micronuclei frequency, particulate matter concentration, and elemental enrichment factors

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