Ultrafine Particles Emitted through Routine Operation of a Hairdryer

Abstract

Particulate matter is a large concern for human health. Fine and ultrafine particulate matter has been shown to negatively impact human health; for example, it causes cardiopulmonary diseases. Current regulation targets the size of the particles, but composition also impacts toxicity. Indoor sources of air pollution pose unique challenges for human health due to the potential for human exposure to high concentrations in confined spaces. In this work, six hairdryers were each operated within a plexiglass chamber, and their emissions were analyzed with transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. All hairdryers were found to emit ultrafine iron, carbon, and copper. In addition, emissions from two hairdryers primarily contained silver nanoparticles in the ultrafine range (<100 nm). The ultrafine particle emission rates for the hairdryers that did not contain silver were measured and found to be lower than ultrafine particle emissions by gas stoves and electric burners. Based on their size, these particles can either remain in the lung or enter the bloodstream after inhalation and potentially cause long-term health effects.

Influence of Ventilation on Formation and Growth of 1–20 nm Particles via Ozone–Human Chemistry

“…Originating directly from traffic emissions − and via in situ atmospheric oxidation processes, , ultrafine particles dominate the number distribution of urban aerosols . Exposure to ultrafine particles has been associated with respiratory and cardiovascular mortality and brain diseases. − In indoor environments, where people spend most of their time, ultrafine particle levels can be comparable, or even higher than outdoor, owing to various indoor particle generation sources. − Typical indoor ultrafine particle sources can be classified into three overlapping categories: combustion, such as cooking , and burning candles; , volatilization/nucleation/condensation, including those from electrical appliances, − heated surfaces, and painting; and oxidation, mainly referring to ozone–terpene chemistry indoors . Ultrafine particle emissions have been documented from the ozone reaction with indoor terpene-rich fragrances, , personal care products, − and cleaning agents. , A potentially strong yet understudied source of indoor ultrafine particles is ozone–human chemistry.…”