Ultrafine SnO₂nanoparticle loading onto reduced graphene oxide as anodes for sodium-ion batteries with superior rate and cycling performances

Abstract

A structured SnO 2 -reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanocomposite has been synthesized with SnO 2 nanoparticles ($5 nm) anchored on a RGO framework. It has been successfully applied as an anode material in sodium-ion batteries. The electrode delivers a reversible Na-storage capacity of 330 mA h g À1 with an outstanding capacity retention of 81.3% over 150 cycles. Moreover, it possesses a relatively good rate capability, exhibiting a capacity retention of 25.8% at high rate (1000 mA h g À1 ). With its combined advantages of low cost and environmental benignity, the SnO 2 -RGO nanocomposite would be a promising anode for Na-ion batteries.

Ice-templated preparation and sodium storage of ultrasmall SnO2 nanoparticles embedded in three-dimensional graphene

“…The SnO 2 @3DG electrode retains a reversible capacity of 432 mA·h·g -1 after 200 cycles (85.7% capacity retention relative to the second cycle). This result is superior to that of SnO 2 @2DG (301 mA·h·g -1 after 200 cycles, 71.4% capacity retention) and those reported for SnO 2 /graphene materials [16,17]. To investigate the effect of the unique structure on the cycling performance, SnO 2 @3DG composites with different contents of SnO 2 are Nano Res.…”

“…4(a)). The irreversible capacity loss (675 mA·h·g -1 ) mainly originated from the formation of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film [16,17,22], while the side reaction of oxygen-containing functional groups on graphene also leads to partial capacity loss (ca. 70 mA·h·g -1 , Fig.…”

“…Recently, SnO 2 @2DG composites have been successfully applied in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). For example, Wang's group prepared SnO 2 /graphene composites with a stable capacity of 302 mA·h·g -1 over 100 cycles at a current of 160 mA·g -1 [16], and Kim's group reported that the composites showed a reversible capacity of 330 mA·h·g -1 over 150 cycles at 100 mA·g -1 [17]. This raises interesting questions about the electrochemical performance of SnO 2 @3DG in SIBs?…”

Electrochemical characterization of Co3O4/MCNTs composite anode materials for sodium-ion batteries

“…For instance, graphite, the most common commercial anode material in Li-ion batteries, cannot be used as the Na-ion anode since Na atoms are difficult to intercalate between the narrow van der Walls gap of graphite sheets [14,15]. Fortunately, metal oxides, including Sb 2 O 4 thin film [16], SnO 2 [17,18], Fe 3 O 4 , a-Fe 2 O 3 [19], NiCoO 2 [20], and CuO [21,22] with high-theoretical-specific capacities have been proved to show electrochemical activity for Na-ion batteries. Nevertheless, the Na-storage mechanisms have not been intensively discussed.…”

Carbonized common filter paper decorated with Sn@C nanospheres as additive-free electrodes for sodium-ion batteries

“…Particularly, metallic tin, with theoretical specific capacity of 850 mAh/g, is a promising high-capacity anode material for SIBs. However, tin has the issue of notable capacity fading upon cycling [25][26][27][28][31][32][33][34][35]. Tin based anode materials have been extensively studied for LIBs [36][37][38], but relatively less explored for SIBs.…”