Ultrafine titania by flame spray pyrolysis of a titanatrane complex

Bickmore, Clint R.; Waldner, Kurt F.; Baranwal, Rita; Hinklin, T.; Treadwell, David R.; Laine, Richard M.

doi:10.1016/s0955-2219(97)00109-x

Cited by 92 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The (CH 3 CO 2 ) 2 Zn⋅2H 2 O, ZrOCl 2 ⋅8H 2 O, TiCl 4 , SnCl 4 and Ce(SO 4 ) 2 used as starting materials were dissolved in de-ionized water to form 1M solution. Various gels were prepared by adding 4M NaOH solution to the metal salt solution while stirring.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Oxide Powdersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of exterior factors on particle sizes is widely reported by many researchers. Various methods for the preparation of oxide powders have been developed, such as chemical vapor deposition [1], physical vapor deposition [2], solid-state transformation [3], spray pyrolysis [4], microwave-induced hydrolysis [5], emulsion [6], sol-gel process [7], hydrothermal process [8] etc. The hydrothermal method [9] is a wet chemical method, which is used for preparing fine powders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Particle size of powders under hydrothermal conditions

Shi

Fukuda

2003

Cryst. Res. Technol.

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Various non-oxide (CuI, AgI, AgCl, PbS, CuS and ZnS) and oxide (ZnO, TiO 2 , SnO 2 , CeO 2 and ZrO 2 ) powders were prepared under hydrothermal conditions to investigate the effects of temperature, pH and precursors on the particle size of powders. It was found that the particle sizes of PbS, CuS and ZnS powders were much smaller than that of CuI, AgI and AgCl powders prepared under the same conditions. The particle sizes of TiO 2 , SnO 2 , CeO 2 and ZrO 2 powders are much smaller than that of ZnO powders prepared under the same conditions. It is concluded that the solution conditions have a certain effect on the particle size of powders under the hydrothermal conditions. The particle size of powders increased with the rising of temperature. Additional factors affecting the particle size were uncovered through studying the nucleation mechanism. The particle size was mainly related to the Madelung constant and the electric charge number of ions. Powders with smaller particle size resulted from systems that possessed the larger Madelung constant and ionic charge number.

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Section: Synthesis Of Oxide Powdersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle size of powders under hydrothermal conditions

Shi

Fukuda

2003

Cryst. Res. Technol.

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“…The temperatures of the flame are about 1500-2000 °C, generating nanopowder soots in a single step, with typical average particle sizes between 15-100 nm and specific surface areas of 30-100 m 2 /g which are usually unaggregated, although slightly agglomerated. The method's advantages are process efficiency, product quality, and easy control of mixed metal oxide compositions which is done by simply modifying the precursor solution [7][8][9]. Figure 1 represents the experimental equipment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CoAl2O4 blue nanopigments prepared by liquid-feed flame spray pyrolysis method

Granados

Laine

et al. 2015

Matéria (Rio J.)

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CoAl 2 O 4 pigments were synthesized through Liquid-Feed Flame Spray Pyrolysis (LF-FSP) method using metallorganic precursors of cobalt propionate and alumatrane. The precursors were dissolved in ethanol and aerosolized into a methane/oxygen flame where it was combusted to result in nanopowders at a single step. The resulting nanopowders were collected in electrostatic precipitators and analyzed by x-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), colorimetry, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) and BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) nitrogen adsorption. Results show formation of single phase blue nanopigments, suggesting that LF-FSP is an excellent method to produce nanoparticles with high quality in a continuous process for new industrial applications. The nanoparticles presented spherical morphology with specific surface area of 50 m 2 /g, corresponding to average particle size of 27 nm. The pigments were calcined at 500, 600, 800, 1000, 1200 and 1300 °C, aiming to find the color stability whereby the colors were measured using the color space CIE L*a*b* under standardized D65 light. The brightest and bluest was obtained at calcination temperature of 1200°C and its application into a glaze was carried out at 1200 °C to evaluate the color performance and stability after a decoration process. Finally, LF-FSP produced pigments were compared with those produced by solid state reaction. Differences in the color due to the average particle size and process conditions were observed. It is possible to obtain new hues for ceramic applications by LF-FSP method.

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“…Self-cleaning treatment technology of fibers by incorporation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles is a new concept that has been introduced in recent years [25,26]. With the fast-growing demand towards functional fibers, where fibers not only have the basic characteristics such as maintaining thermal insulation, air permeability and elasticity, but also possessing extra functionality such as selfcleaning, anti-bacterial, environmental friendly, and anti-pollution [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40].…”

Section: Introdutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoactive Polyacrylonitrile Fibers Coated by Nano-Sized Titanium Dioxide: Synthesis, Characterization, Thermal Investigation

Moafi

Shojaie

Zanjanchi

2011

J. Chil. Chem. Soc.

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Anatase nanocrystals were successfully synthesized and deposited onto polyacrylonitrile fibers with photocatalytic self-cleaning activity using the sol-gel process at low temperature. The original and treated samples have been characterized by several techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The TiO 2 nanoparticles, have been found to form a homogeneous thin film on the fiber surface. The photocatalytic activity, tested by measuring the degradation of adsorbed Eosin Yellowish dye. The photoactivity of the titanium dioxide coated fibres is much higher than that observed in case of untreated fibers. The photocatalytic selfcleaning properties of the treated fibers was fully maintained performing several cycles of photodegradation. This preparation technique can be also applied to new fabrics to create self-cleaning properties in them. The thermogravimetric study of PAN/TiO 2 composite showed a slight increase of weight loss in the second step, which implied that, the dehydrogenation and oxygen uptake reactions would be promoted by the TiO 2 to some extent.Keywords: Polyacrylonitrile; Titanium dioxide; Thermogravimetric analysis; Differential scanning calorimetry; Photodegradation; Eosin Yellowish e-mail: Shalkeh737@gmail.com INTRODUTIONPolyacrylonitrile (PAN) is one of the most widely used precursor polymers for making high performance carbon fibers [1][2][3][4][5]. Study of the degradation of polyacrylonitrile has been a subject of interest for decades owing to its commercial value for the production of carbon fibers [6][7][8][9][10]. Spectroscopy, including infrared, ultraviolet, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermal analysis, including differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), are the common tools in the study of polyacrylonitrile degradation [11][12][13][14].Semiconductor photocatalysis has been gathering much attention recently due to its promising application in chemical conversion and storage of solar energy for solar cells, hydrogen production, refractory pollutants elimination and self-cleaning surface [15][16][17][18].Among various oxide semiconductor photocatalysts, titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) has been proven so far to be the most promising material used for both fundamental research and practical applications. Because of its highly efficient photoreactivity, biological and chemical inertness, cost effectiveness, non-toxicity, and long-term stability against photocorrosion and chemical corrosion, titanium dioxide has been frequently employed in the environmental treatment and purification purposes [18][19][20][21][22]. Anatase TiO 2 has been identified as the most effective and useful photocatalyst under near UV illumination [23].The pairs of free electrons and holes are formed in the conduction and va...

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Ultrafine titania by flame spray pyrolysis of a titanatrane complex

Cited by 92 publications

References 24 publications

Particle size of powders under hydrothermal conditions

Particle size of powders under hydrothermal conditions

CoAl2O4 blue nanopigments prepared by liquid-feed flame spray pyrolysis method

Photoactive Polyacrylonitrile Fibers Coated by Nano-Sized Titanium Dioxide: Synthesis, Characterization, Thermal Investigation

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