Ultrahigh-Sensitivity Microwave Sensor for Microfluidic Complex Permittivity Measurement

Ebrahimi, Amir; Scott, James R.; Ghorbani, Kamran

doi:10.1109/tmtt.2019.2932737

Cited by 302 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Dielectric Constant Frequency Range (GHz) Resonant Frequency Shift (MHz) [19] 66 for 10% methanol and 77 for the 10% ethanol 4-5 35 for methanol and 30 for ethanol [20] 39 for 40% ethanol 1.3-2.3 40 [21] 58 for methanol 40% and 57 for 40% ethanol 1.7-2.1 30 for methanol and 15 for ethanol [25] 55 for 30% ethanol 1-3 90 [26] 57 for 40% methanol and 53 for 40% ethanol 0.8-2.2 20 for methanol and 30 for ethanol [27] 76.84 for water, 6.62 for ethanol and 20.54 for methanol 2, 5, and 7 8 for water, 2 for methanol, 3 for ethanol [28] 59 for 40% ethanol 0.8-0.95 10 This work 77.5 for water, 57 for 40% methanol and 56 for 40% Ethanol 2.5-3.5 100 for water, 90 for methanol, and 80 for ethanol Table 2. Comparison of sensitivity for the rest chemical samples between our proposed structure and other in literature.…”

Section: Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, a very high-sensitivity microwave sensor made of a microstrip transmission line loaded with a shunt-connected series LC resonator has been investigated by Amir Ebrahimi and his colleagues for microfluidic complex permittivity measurements. Their proposed structure was fabricated and measured using water/ethanol solutions for the confirmation of the sensing principle [26]. Besides, by utilizing the Q factor concept, a microwave sensor was studied for the detection of glucose concentration at the operating frequency of 2, 5, and 7 GHz [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel Metamaterials-Based Hypersensitized Liquid Sensor Integrating Omega-Shaped Resonator with Microstrip Transmission Line

Abdulkarim

Deng

Karaaslan

et al. 2020

Sensors

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In this paper, a new metamaterials-based hypersensitized liquid sensor integrating omega-shaped resonator with microstrip transmission line is proposed. Microwave transmission responses to industrial energy-based liquids are investigated intensively from both numerical and experimental point of view. Simulation results concerning three-dimensional electromagnetic fields have shown that the transmission coefficient of the resonator could be monitored by the magnetic coupling between the transmission line and omega resonator. This sensor structure has been examined by methanol-water and ethanol-water mixtures. Moreover, the designed sensor is demonstrated to be very sensitive for identifying clean and waste transformer oils. A linear response characteristic of shifting the resonance frequency upon the increment of chemical contents/concentrations or changing the oil condition is observed. In addition to the high agreement of transmission coefficients (S21) between simulations and experiments, obvious resonant-frequency shift of transmission spectrum is recognized for typical pure chemical liquids (i.e., PEG 300, isopropyl alcohol, PEG1500, ammonia, and water), giving rise to identify the type and concentration of the chemical liquids. The novelty of the work is to utilize Q factor and minimum value of S21 as sensing agent in the proposed structure, which are seen to be well compatible at different frequencies ranging from 1-20 GHz. This metamaterial integrated transmission line-based sensor is considered to be promising candidate for precise detection of fluidics and for applications in the field of medicine and chemistry.

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Section: Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Metamaterials-Based Hypersensitized Liquid Sensor Integrating Omega-Shaped Resonator with Microstrip Transmission Line

Abdulkarim

Deng

Karaaslan

et al. 2020

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The typical, although not exclusive, configuration of such sensors is a transmission line loaded with the resonant element (either in contact or coupled to it), see Figure 1a. Although examples of frequency variation sensors devoted to the measurement of spatial variables have been reported [15], typically these sensors have been applied to dielectric characterization of solids and liquids [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46], as far as the resonance frequency and quality factor depend on the complex dielectric constant of the surrounding material (the so-called material under test (MUT)). These sensors are very simple, but they are potentially subjected to cross-sensitivities caused by variations in ambient factors, such as temperature and humidity, and therefore they need calibration before their use.…”

Section: Classification Of Planar Microwave Resonant Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first example is a frequency variation sensor equipped with a microfluidic channel for liquid characterization [46]. In this sensor, the sensitive element is a SISS resonator, loading a microstrip line.…”

Section: Frequency Variation Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planar Microwave Resonant Sensors: A Review and Recent Developments

et al. 2020

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Microwave sensors based on electrically small planar resonant elements are reviewed in this paper. By virtue of the high sensitivity of such resonators to the properties of their surrounding medium, particularly the dielectric constant and the loss factor, these sensors are of special interest (although not exclusive) for dielectric characterization of solids and liquids, and for the measurement of material composition. Several sensing strategies are presented, with special emphasis on differential-mode sensors. The main advantages and limitations of such techniques are discussed, and several prototype examples are reported, mainly including sensors for measuring the dielectric properties of solids, and sensors based on microfluidics (useful for liquid characterization and liquid composition). The proposed sensors have high potential for application in real scenarios (including industrial processes and characterization of biosamples).

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“…The relative sensitivity is most important parameter to compare the performance of with other sensors. The relative sensitivity of the microwave sensor based on permittivity perturbation is defined as [65]:…”

Section: Measurement and Sensitivity Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Extremely Sensitive Microwave Sensor for Evaluation of Dielectric Characteristics of Low-Permittivity Materials

Haq

Ruan

Zhang

et al. 2020

Sensors

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In this paper, an extremely sensitive microwave sensor is designed based on a complementary symmetric S shaped resonator (CSSSR) to evaluate dielectric characteristics of low-permittivity material. CSSSR is an artificial structure with strong and enhanced electromagnetic fields, which provides high sensitivity and a new degree of freedom in sensing. Electromagnetic simulation elucidates the effect of real relative permittivity, real relative permeability, dielectric and magnetic loss tangents of the material under test (MUT) on the resonance frequency and notch depth of the sensor. Experiments are performed at room temperature using low-permittivity materials to verify the concept. The proposed design provides differential sensitivity between 102% to 95% as the relative permittivity of MUT varies from 2.1 to 3. The percentage error between simulated and measured results is less than 0.5%. The transcendental equation has been established by measuring the change in the resonance frequency of the fabricated sensor due to interaction with the MUT.

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Ultrahigh-Sensitivity Microwave Sensor for Microfluidic Complex Permittivity Measurement

Cited by 302 publications

References 52 publications

Novel Metamaterials-Based Hypersensitized Liquid Sensor Integrating Omega-Shaped Resonator with Microstrip Transmission Line

Novel Metamaterials-Based Hypersensitized Liquid Sensor Integrating Omega-Shaped Resonator with Microstrip Transmission Line

Planar Microwave Resonant Sensors: A Review and Recent Developments

Extremely Sensitive Microwave Sensor for Evaluation of Dielectric Characteristics of Low-Permittivity Materials

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