Ultrahigh strength nano/ultrafine-grained 304 stainless steel through three-stage cold rolling and annealing treatment

Sun, Guangping; Du, Linxiu; Hu, Jun; Xie, Hui; Wu, Hongyan; Misra, R.D.K.

doi:10.1016/j.matchar.2015.11.001

Cited by 80 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In addition, the relative slow heating rate of ~10℃/s provided adequate time for nucleation and growth of reverted austenite. This is in agreement with the observations in Figure 3, where higher temperature and extended annealing time led to higher degree of reversion, which has been discussed in our previous study [17].…”

Section: Crnisupporting

confidence: 94%

“…This approach is considered to be a promising process to obtain NG/UFG microstructure in industrial applications and has been recently developed by Misra's group, referred as phase reversion [11][12][13][14][15][16]. Using this approach, studies have been carried out with metastable austenitic stainless steels such as 304, 301 and 201 to obtain NG/UFG structure [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low temperature superplastic-like deformation and fracture behavior of nano/ultrafine-grained metastable austenitic stainless steel

Sun

et al. 2017

Materials & Design

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We describe here the low temperature superplastic-like deformation in a nano/ultrafine-grained metasable austenitic stainless steel tensile tested at a strain rate of 2.5×10 -4 s -1 and temperature of 600°C (~0.43 of the absolute melting point). The nano/ultrafine-grained structure was obtained via a combination of cold rolling (~93% in reduction), followed by reversion annealing treatments at 650°C for 10 min, 30 min, and 700°C for 2 min, 5 min, respectively, an approach previously adopted by Misra's group (references 11-16). The reversion of martensite to austenite was dominated by diffusional mechanism. The nano/ultrafine-grained steel exhibited superplastic-like behavior with maximum elongation approaching ~153% and strain rate sensitivity of ~0.22. Furthermore, tensile deformation behavior at 20°C and 600°C, and the corresponding fracture characteristics are discussed. Observations of fracture surface indicated that the fracture was characterized by line-up of voids along the striations, when tensile tested at 20°C. Whereas, the fracture surface at 600°C mainly consisted of uniform distribution of dimples. To further study the fracture mechanism during superplastic-like deformation, deformed structures from the longitudinal region close to the tip of the fracture surface were studied. The fracture surface of superplastic-like deformed steel was characterized by interlinkage of cavities.

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Section: Crnisupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low temperature superplastic-like deformation and fracture behavior of nano/ultrafine-grained metastable austenitic stainless steel

Sun

et al. 2017

Materials & Design

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“…The repetition of the martensite process (cold rolling and reversion annealing) has been successfully used for further grain refinement of ASSs [86,122,170,194,[212][213][214][215] as shown in Fig. 15a and an example of the resultant grain refinement is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Repetitive Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deformation-induced martensite in austenitic stainless steels: A review

Sohrabi

Naghizadeh

Mirzadeh

2020

Archiv.Civ.Mech.Eng

181

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Recent progress in the understanding of the deformation-induced martensitic transformation, the transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect, and the reversion annealing in the metastable austenitic stainless steels are reviewed in the present work. For this purpose, the introduced methods for the measurement of martensite content are summarized. Moreover, the austenite stability as the key factor for controlling the austenite to martensite transformation is critically discussed. This is realized by analyzing the effects of chemical composition, initial grain size, applied strain, deformation temperature, strain rate, and deformation mode (stress state). For instance, the effect of initial grain size is found to be complicated, especially in the ultrafine grained (UFG) regime. Furthermore, it seems that there is a critical grain size for changing the trend of α′-martensite formation. Decreasing the deformation temperature motivates the formation of α′-martensite, but there is a critical temperature for achieving the maximum tensile ductility. Afterwards, the modeling techniques for the transformation kinetics and the contribution of deformation-induced martensitic transformation to the strengthening of material and also strength-ductility trade-off are critically surveyed. The processing of UFG microstructure during reversion annealing, the effects of the recrystallization of the retained austenite, the martensitic shear and diffusional reversion mechanisms, and the annealing-induced martensitic transformation are also summarized. Accordingly, this overview presents the opportunities that the strain-induced martensitic transformation can offer for controlling the microstructure and mechanical properties of metastable austenitic stainless steels.

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“…UFG (Ultrafine-grained) as well as NG (nano-grained) materials have been produced by reversion annealing of AISI 304, AISI 304L, and less stable AISI 301LN and AISI 201 metastable stainless steels, where the material strength is enhanced with a moderate decrease in plasticity. [23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Grain refinement via reversion annealing still draws attention, i.e., Sun et al [30] reported diffusive reversion of strain-induced martensite during annealing in the range of 823 K to 923 K (550°C to 650°C). [30] This paper reports the formation of SIM during the tensile test at different temperatures, and the reverse transformation analysis by the use of DSC, in-situ X-ray diffraction, and dilatometry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Grain refinement via reversion annealing still draws attention, i.e., Sun et al [30] reported diffusive reversion of strain-induced martensite during annealing in the range of 823 K to 923 K (550°C to 650°C). [30] This paper reports the formation of SIM during the tensile test at different temperatures, and the reverse transformation analysis by the use of DSC, in-situ X-ray diffraction, and dilatometry. Moreover, to determine the reverse transformation sequence, samples were annealed at chosen temperatures and the resultant microstructure was investigated using a novel, high-resolution transmission Kikuchi diffraction technique.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Investigation of Strain-Induced Martensite Reverse Transformation in AISI 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel

Cios

Tokarski

Żywczak

et al. 2017

Metall Mater Trans A

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This paper presents a comprehensive study on the strain-induced martensitic transformation and reversion transformation of the strain-induced martensite in AISI 304 stainless steel using a number of complementary techniques such as dilatometry, calorimetry, magnetometry, and in-situ X-ray diffraction, coupled with high-resolution microstructural transmission Kikuchi diffraction analysis. Tensile deformation was applied at temperatures between room temperature and 213 K (À60°C) in order to obtain a different volume fraction of strain-induced martensite (up to~70 pct). The volume fraction of the strain-induced martensite, measured by the magnetometric method, was correlated with the total elongation, hardness, and linear thermal expansion coefficient. The thermal expansion coefficient, as well as the hardness of the strain-induced martensitic phase was evaluated. The in-situ thermal treatment experiments showed unusual changes in the kinetics of the reverse transformation (a¢ fi c). The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the reverse transformation may be stress assisted-strains inherited from the martensitic transformation may increase its kinetics at the lower annealing temperature range. More importantly, the transmission Kikuchi diffraction measurements showed that the reverse transformation of the strain-induced martensite proceeds through a displacive, diffusionless mechanism, maintaining the Kurdjumov-Sachs crystallographic relationship between the martensite and the reverted austenite. This finding is in contradiction to the results reported by other researchers for a similar alloy composition.

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Ultrahigh strength nano/ultrafine-grained 304 stainless steel through three-stage cold rolling and annealing treatment

Cited by 80 publications

References 28 publications

Low temperature superplastic-like deformation and fracture behavior of nano/ultrafine-grained metastable austenitic stainless steel

Low temperature superplastic-like deformation and fracture behavior of nano/ultrafine-grained metastable austenitic stainless steel

Deformation-induced martensite in austenitic stainless steels: A review

The Investigation of Strain-Induced Martensite Reverse Transformation in AISI 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel

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