Ultrahigh Surface Area Hierarchically Porous Carbon Materials from Polyacrylamide–Cellulose Hydrogel for High-Performance Supercapacitors

Abstract

High surface area, hierarchically micro/mesoporous carbon materials with interconnected pore structures have significant potential as electrode materials for high-performance supercapacitor applications. Here, we present the synthesis of ultrahigh surface area hierarchically porous carbon materials, prepared by potassium carbonate (K 2 CO 3 ) activation of polyacrylamide−hydroxy propyl cellulose (PAM−HPC) hydrogel at high temperatures (500−900 °C), and their energy storage performances in two-and threeelectrode cell setup. The carbon material obtained by carbonization of the PAM−HPC hydrogel at 800 °C exhibits an ultrahigh surface area of 3387.2 m 2 g −1 with a large pore volume of 1.963 cm 3 g −1 . The electrode prepared using this material demonstrated excellent supercapacitance performance in the three-electrode system, achieving a high specific capacitance of 545.5 F g −1 at 1 A g −1 current density with superior rate capability and an outstanding cycling stability of 96.3% after 5000 charge−discharge cycles. Furthermore, the assembled symmetric supercapacitor device constructed by using this material showed a high specific capacitance of 102.5 F g −1 at 0.5 A g −1 . It delivers a high energy density of 17.2 W h kg −1 at the power density of 550 W kg −1 , and a superior cycling stability of 94.2% after 5000 consecutive charge−discharge cycles. The electrochemical properties reported here indicate that hierarchically porous carbons obtained from PAM−HPC hydrogels are promising materials for high-performance supercapacitor applications.