Low molecular weight 7-methoxy-3-(p-nitrophenyl)iminocoumarin
(MNI) with donor and acceptor groups has been synthesized.
The molecule shows typical π-stacking geometry in the crystal
structure. In this study, MNI, an achiral small organic
molecule, forms a nanostructured supramolecular gel along with a short
peptide sequence glutathione (GSH). The self-assembly of the achiral
organic coumarin component and chiral biomolecule produces a chiral
gel with helical fiber structures. Interestingly, the helicities of
chiral gels are controlled by the solvent ratio, where MNI in DMSO and GSH in water has been used. Variation of the solvent
ratio from 6:4 to 1:9 for DMSO:H2O results in six gels
(4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9), where the gel numbers signify the water
content ratio. FE-SEM analysis shows gel fibers with right-handed
helical structures, which have been further confirmed by circular
dichroism (CD) with notable helicity in 4 to 6. This is the first report of controlled chiral helical nanostructured
supramolecular gel formation by a solvent mixture with an organic
small molecule and biomolecule. Interestingly, storage modulus (G′) initially decreases from 4 to 6 and further increases up to 9. An opposite
strain (%) trend was observed among these six gels. These unusual
solvent-dependent gel properties have been further applied to monitor
the stability of the gels in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which converts GSH to oxidized glutathione
(GSSG) in general. The oxidative stress from H2O2 disrupts 4 to 6 gels, and precipitation
occurs. It is noteworthy to mention that GSSG alone cannot form a
gel with the MNI molecule and forms a precipitate. Remarkably,
on the other hand, 7 to 9 remain as strong
gels even after H2O2 treatment. Among all six
gels, 9 shows extraordinary stability of gels even after
H2O2 treatment.