Ultralight, Flexible, and Fire‐Resistant Carbon Nanofiber Aerogels from Bacterial Cellulose

Abstract

Carbon-based aerogels, composed of interconnected threedimensional (3D) networks, have attracted intensive attention because of their unique physical properties, such as low density, high electrical conductivity, porosity, and specific surface area. [1][2][3] As a result, carbon-based aerogels are promising materials used as catalyst supports, [4] artificial muscles, [5] electrodes for supercapacitors, [6] absorbents, [7] and gas sensors. [8] Especially, ultralight or flexible carbon-based aerogels have many potential applications. For example, ultralight nitrogen-doped graphene framework, used as an absorbent for organic liquids or the active electrode material, exhibits a high absorption capacity and specific capacitance; [9] stretchable conductors, fabricated by infiltrating flexible graphene foam with elastic polymers, show high stability of electronic conductivity even under high stretching and bending strain. [10] Traditionally, to fabricate carbon aerogels, resorcinolformaldehyde organic aerogels were pyrolyzed in an inert atmosphere to form a highly cross-linked carbon structure. [11,12] The carbon aerogels always have a high density (100-800 mg cm À3 ) [11,13] and tend to break under compression. Carbon nanotube (CNT) sponges, [7] graphene foam, [10] and CNT forests [14] have been prepared through chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Meanwhile, CNTs and graphene can be employed as building blocks and assembled into macroscopic 3D architectures. [15][16][17][18] However, the harmful and expensive precursors or complex equipments involved in these syntheses dramatically hamper the large-scale production of these carbon-based aerogels for industry application. Recently, we have developed a template-directed hydrothermal carbonization process for synthesis of carbonaceous nanofiber hydrogels/aerogels on macroscopic scale by using glucose as precursors. [19] However, the use of expensive nanowire templates in this synthesis pushes us to explore a facile, economic, and environmentally friendly method to produce carbon-based nanostructured aerogels.Nowadays, there is a trend to produce carbon-based materials from biomass materials, as they are very cheap, easy to obtain, and nontoxic to humans, etc. [20] Bacterial cellulose (BC), a typical biomass material, is composed of interconnected networks of cellulose nanofibers, [21,22] and can be produced in large amounts in a microbial fermentation process. [22] Recently, we reported a highly conductive and stretchable conductor, fabricated from BC, shows great electromechanical stability under stretching and bending strain. [23] Herein, we report a facile route to produce ultralight, flexible, and fire-resistant carbon nanofiber (CNF) aerogels in large scale from BC pellicles. When used as absorbents, the CNF aerogels can absorb a wide range of organic solvents and oils with excellent recyclability and selectivity. The absorption capacity can reach up to 310 times the weight of the pristine CNF aerogels. Besides, the electrical conductivity of the CNF aerogel is highly s...

Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Improving the Rate Capability of 3D Interconnected Carbon Nanofibers Thin Film by Boron, Nitrogen Dual‐Doping

“…After a pyrolysis treatment, the obtained BN‐CNFs (Figure 1b) display a porous, cross‐linked, and well‐organized 3D network structure. The diameter of BN‐CNFs is smaller (30–80 nm) than that of BC, which is due to evaporation of CO, CO 2 , methanol, and acetic acid during the carbonization process 35. The TEM image of BN‐CNFs (Figure 1c) confirms its porous structure, enabling fast electron and ion transport along 3D directions.…”

Analisis Kuantitatif Pori Berdasarkan Pengolahan Citra Menggunakan Wolfram Mathematica

“…Adanya pori dalam material dapat membuat material tersebut memiliki luas permukaan yang lebih besar [1], memiliki densitas lebih rendah [2], dan memiliki ruang kosong yang dapat ditempati atau dialiri fluida [3]. Oleh karena itu material berpori saat ini banyak dipelajari dalam berbagai bidang mulai dari teknik filtrasi, teknik konstruksi, geosains, biofisika, hingga sains material.…”

Bacterial Cellulose Production by Komagataeibacter hansenii ATCC 23769 Using Sisal Juice - An Agroindustry Waste

“…Among those biodegradable materials, bacterial cellulose is an easily obtainable carbohydrate polymer that has shown potential for application in several areas (Brown, 1986;Panesar et al, 2012;Wu et al, 2013).…”

“…Indeed, companies such as Mitsubishi Paper Mills in Japan are investing many resources in the development of microbial cellulose for applications in paper products (Charreau et al 2013). Other applications of this type of cellulose include its use in composites to obtain materials with specific properties, speaker membranes, aerogels, matrices to immobilize biomolecules or microorganisms, ultrafiltration membranes, and stabilizers for cosmetic emulsions (Wu et al, 2013;Pecoraro et al, 2008;Chawla et al, 2009).…”