Ultralight shape-recovering plate mechanical metamaterials

Davami, Keivan; Zhao, Lin; Lu, Eric Y.; Cortes, John; Lin, Cheng-Jung; Lilley, Drew; Purohit, Prashant K.; Bargatin, Igor

doi:10.1038/ncomms10019

Cited by 73 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Yet, none of these previously reported mechanical metamaterial designs, including our corrugated plates 28 , exhibited the optimal spatial distribution of the material and the optimal scaling of the bending stiffness that is offered by the sandwich structure. In this paper, we present nanocardboard—a plate-shaped mechanical metamaterial that is a nanoscale analog of corrugated cardboard or web-core sandwich plates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Although the high Young’s moduli can potentially translate into plates with high bending stiffness, most truss-like mechanical metamaterials were fabricated in a cube-like, rather than a plate-like, shape, and were neither optimized for nor tested under bending loads. In contrast, we recently introduced the concept of a plate mechanical metamaterial, reporting nanometer-thick single-layer corrugated films that formed continuous plates and measuring their bending stiffness 28 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanocardboard as a nanoscale analog of hollow sandwich plates

et al. 2018

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Corrugated paper cardboard provides an everyday example of a lightweight, yet rigid, sandwich structure. Here we present nanocardboard, a monolithic plate mechanical metamaterial composed of nanometer-thickness (25–400 nm) face sheets that are connected by micrometer-height tubular webbing. We fabricate nanocardboard plates of up to 1 centimeter-square size, which exhibit an enhanced bending stiffness at ultralow mass of ~1 g m−2. The nanoscale thickness allows the plates to completely recover their shape after sharp bending even when the radius of curvature is comparable to the plate height. Optimally chosen geometry enhances the bending stiffness and spring constant by more than four orders of magnitude in comparison to solid plates with the same mass, far exceeding the enhancement factors previously demonstrated at both the macroscale and nanoscale. Nanocardboard may find applications as a structural component for wings of microflyers or interstellar lightsails, scanning probe cantilevers, and other microscopic and macroscopic systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocardboard as a nanoscale analog of hollow sandwich plates

et al. 2018

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“…Metal-based (e.g., Ni, Cu) microstructure via electroless plating [19,20], and ceramics (e.g., TiN and Al 2 O 3 ) nanostructures via atomic layer deposition (ALD), were fabricated on 3D truss structures [16,21]. 3D hollow architectures are featured with properties like ultra-light, ultra-stiff, and recoverable, which opened new horizons for 'mechanical metamaterials' [22,23]. There are two major categories of truss structure designs: stretching-dominated lattices (S-Lattices) and bending-dominated lattices (B-Lattices) [12,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composite bending-dominated hollow nanolattices: A stiff, cyclable mechanical metamaterial

Deng

Zhao

et al. 2018

Materials Today

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Manufacturing ultralight and mechanical reliable materials has been a long-time challenge. Ceramicbased mechanical metamaterials provide significant opportunities to reverse their brittle nature and unstable mechanical properties and have great potential as strong, ultralight, and ultrastiff materials. However, the failure of ceramics nanolattice and degradation of strength/modulus with decreasing density are caused by buckling of the struts and failure of the nodes within the nanolattices, especially during cyclic loading. Here, we explore a new class of 3D ceramic-based metamaterials with a high strength-density ratio, stiffness, recoverability, cyclability, and optimal scaling factor. Deformation mode of the fabricated nanolattices has been engineered through the unique material design and architecture tailoring. Bending-dominated hollow nanolattice (B-H-Lattice) structure is employed to take advantages of its flexibility, while a few nanometers of carbonized mussel-inspired bio-polymer (C-PDA) is coherently deposited on ceramics' nanolayer to enable non-buckling struts and bendable nodes during deformation, resulting in reliable mechanical properties and outperforming the current bending-dominated lattices (B-Lattices) and carbon-based cellulose materials. Meanwhile, the structure has comparable stiffness to stretching-dominated lattices (S-Lattices) while with better cyclability and reliability. The B-H-Lattices exhibit high specific stiffness (>10 6 PaÁkg À1 Ám À3), low-density ($30 kg/m 3), buckling-free recovery at 55% strain, and stable cyclic loading behavior under up to 15% strain. As one of the B-Lattices, the modulus scaling factor reaches 1.27, which is lowest among current B-Lattices. This study suggests that non-buckling behavior and reliable nodes are the key factors that contribute to the outstanding mechanical performance of nanolattice materials. A new concept of engineering the internal deformation behavior of mechanical metamaterial is provided to optimize their mechanical properties in real service conditions.

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“…In more recent times, using a similar top-down approach, topology optimization is being exploited for designing materials and structures that can be manufactured using additive manufacturing [ 5 , 6 ] as well as to develop material microstructure for concurrent multi-scale design of composite macrostructure [ 7 ], or exploit peculiar micro-scale properties to propose optimal structural topologies [ 8 ]. Furthermore, metamaterials with exceptional elastic properties have been fabricated using 3D printing techniques [ 9 , 10 ]. Most of these material designs are conceived within the framework of classical continuum mechanics and yield materials that conform to the properties predicted by the classical theories.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

King post truss as a motif for internal structure of (meta)material with controlled elastic properties

et al. 2017

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One of the most interesting challenges in the modern theory of materials consists in the determination of those microstructures which produce, at the macro-level, a class of metamaterials whose elastic range is many orders of magnitude wider than the one exhibited by ‘standard’ materials. In dell’Isola et al. (2015 Zeitschrift für angewandte Mathematik und Physik 66, 3473–3498. (doi:10.1007/s00033-015-0556-410.1007/s00033-015-0556-4)), it was proved that, with a pantographic microstructure constituted by ‘long’ micro-beams it is possible to obtain metamaterials whose elastic range spans up to an elongation exceeding 30%. In this paper, we demonstrate that the same behaviour can be obtained by means of an internal microstructure based on a king post motif. This solution shows many advantages: it involves only microbeams; all constituting beams are undergoing only extension or compression; all internal constraints are terminal pivots. While the elastic deformation energy can be determined as easily as in the case of long-beam microstructure, the proposed design seems to have obvious remarkable advantages: it seems to be more damage resistant and therefore to be able to have a wider elastic range; it can be realized with the same three-dimensional printing technology; it seems to be less subject to compression buckling. The analysis which we present here includes: (i) the determination of Hencky-type discrete models for king post trusses, (ii) the application of an effective integration scheme to a class of relevant deformation tests for the proposed metamaterial and (iii) the numerical determination of an equivalent second gradient continuum model. The numerical tools which we have developed and which are presented here can be readily used to develop an extensive measurement campaign for the proposed metamaterial.

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Ultralight shape-recovering plate mechanical metamaterials

Cited by 73 publications

References 34 publications

Nanocardboard as a nanoscale analog of hollow sandwich plates

Nanocardboard as a nanoscale analog of hollow sandwich plates

Composite bending-dominated hollow nanolattices: A stiff, cyclable mechanical metamaterial

King post truss as a motif for internal structure of (meta)material with controlled elastic properties

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