Ultralow-noise mode-locked fiber lasers and frequency combs: principles, status, and applications

Kim, Jungwon; Song, Yuming

doi:10.1364/aop.8.000465

Cited by 399 publications

(170 citation statements)

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“…© http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.XX.XXXXXX Recent progress in the development of high-power femtosecond fiber lasers operating around 1 µm, based on the highlychirped dissipative solitons (HCDS) generated in all-normal dispersion (ANDi) laser cavities [1][2][3] paved the way for the transfer and expansion of this technology into other spectral regions. The first natural candidate would be the telecom window (∼1.5 micron), where high power mode-locked fiber lasers have a wide range of practical applications, from CARS spectroscopy [4] to few-cycle pulse synthesis [5], terahertz-wave generation [6], frequency metrology [7,8] and, of course, telecommunications [9]. The advantage of this spectral interval is the availability of various low cost telecom components that might make such lasers commercially attractive.…”

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confidence: 99%

All-fiber highly chirped dissipative soliton generation in the telecom range

et al. 2017

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A high-energy (0.93 nJ) all-fiber Erbium femtosecond oscillator operating in the telecom spectral range is proposed and realized. The laser cavity built of commercially available fibers and components combines non-PM and PM parts providing stable generation of highly-chirped (chirp parameter 40) pulses compressed in an output piece of standard PM fiber to 165 fs. The results of numerical simulation agree well with experiment. The analyzed intracavity pulse dynamics enables the classification of the generated pulses as dissipative solitons. © http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.XX.XXXXXX Recent progress in the development of high-power femtosecond fiber lasers operating around 1 µm, based on the highlychirped dissipative solitons (HCDS) generated in all-normal dispersion (ANDi) laser cavities [1][2][3] paved the way for the transfer and expansion of this technology into other spectral regions. The first natural candidate would be the telecom window (∼1.5 micron), where high power mode-locked fiber lasers have a wide range of practical applications, from CARS spectroscopy [4] to few-cycle pulse synthesis [5], terahertz-wave generation [6], frequency metrology [7,8] and, of course, telecommunications [9]. The advantage of this spectral interval is the availability of various low cost telecom components that might make such lasers commercially attractive.For the most of practical applications, long-term stability and reliability as well as output power, pulse duration and output beam quality are five important laser characteristics. From this point of view, all-fiber lasers have advantages due to their compactness, relative simplicity of the schemes, high efficiency and perfect beam quality. There is though one quite important weakness -a polarization state that is undefined in standard single-mode fibers (SMFs) leading to uncontrollable variation with the changing environment, especially in a long enough fiber cavity. Polarization maintaining (PM) fibers are widely used to mitigate this problem. As a result, 150 fs, 25 pJ pulses were demonstrated recently in an all-fiber all-PM Erbium laser with graphene saturable absorber (GSA) operated in the anomalous net dispersion regime [10]. Slightly higher energy (44 pJ) for 174 fs pulses was demonstrated previously in non-PM cavity with GSA [11]. Another type of saturable absorber, topological insulator (TI) was also successfully demonstrated in an all-fiber configuration resulting in 130-fs 45-pJ pulses [12].Further energy up-scaling became possible by realizing the HCDS in the normal net dispersion regime, one of the most advanced ways to generate high-energy femtosecond pulses in mode-locked oscillators demonstrated so far, see review [13]. We have studied the HCDS regime earlier [14], showing an essential result used in the current publication, namely that the numerical simulations and analytical solution in the high chirp limit ( f 1) agree well at f > 10. The HCDS regime was experimentally demonstrated for the first time in Ytterbium [15] and Erbium fiber oscillators [16...

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All-fiber highly chirped dissipative soliton generation in the telecom range

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“…It is well known that SC generation process can suffer from significant fluctuations in carrier phase, timing and amplitude, mainly due to amplification of input laser noise and complex noise coupling during nonlinear propagation34354445. Low timing jitter in the SC generation is important because carrier-envelope phase noise itself is a linear combination of timing jitter and carrier phase noise141535. There are also other applications where timing jitter of SC directly impacts the achievable performance, such as coherent optical pulse synthesis4647 and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy48.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, there are applications where the pulse timing jitter directly impacts the achievable performance, such as low-phase noise microwave generation567, timing synchronization for X-ray free-electron lasers89, pulse time-of-flight-based ranging10, photonic analogue-to-digital converters11, photonics-based radars12, and clock distribution networks13, to name a few. Timing jitter, in fact, also significantly contributes to the optical linewidth of optical frequency comb lines and phase noise of carrier-envelop-offset frequency ( f ceo ) in the frequency domain141516. Thus, accurate measurement of timing jitter power spectral density (PSD) is an important prerequisite for optimizing the jitter performance and further advancing frequency comb applications both in the time and frequency domains.…”

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confidence: 99%

Reference-free, high-resolution measurement method of timing jitter spectra of optical frequency combs

Kwon

Jeon

Shin

et al. 2017

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Timing jitter is one of the most important properties of femtosecond mode-locked lasers and optical frequency combs. Accurate measurement of timing jitter power spectral density (PSD) is a critical prerequisite for optimizing overall noise performance and further advancing comb applications both in the time and frequency domains. Commonly used jitter measurement methods require a reference mode-locked laser with timing jitter similar to or lower than that of the laser-under-test, which is a demanding requirement for many laser laboratories, and/or have limited measurement resolution. Here we show a high-resolution and reference-source-free measurement method of timing jitter spectra of optical frequency combs using an optical fibre delay line and optical carrier interference. The demonstrated method works well for both mode-locked oscillators and supercontinua, with 2 × 10−9 fs2/Hz (equivalent to −174 dBc/Hz at 10-GHz carrier frequency) measurement noise floor. The demonstrated method can serve as a simple and powerful characterization tool for timing jitter PSDs of various comb sources including mode-locked oscillators, supercontinua and recently emerging Kerr-frequency combs; the jitter measurement results enabled by our method will provide new insights for understanding and optimizing timing noise in such comb sources.

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“…Note that this description only deals with the complex envelope of the involved signals (often referred to as the equivalent base‐band representation), and the underlying central frequency, or carrier, is omitted for simplicity. The formal definition of other important parameters, such as the temporal and spectral peak powers and noise content of the signal, has also been omitted for simplicity, as the following mathematical analysis focuses on techniques to manipulate the temporal and spectral periods (

t_{r}

and

ν_{r}

, respectively).…”

Section: Control Of the Periodicity Of Repetitive Signalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arbitrary Energy‐Preserving Control of Optical Pulse Trains and Frequency Combs through Generalized Talbot Effects

Cortés

Maram

Chatellus

et al. 2019

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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Trains of optical pulses and optical‐frequency combs are periodic waveforms with deep implications for a wide range of scientific disciplines and technological applications. Recently, phase‐only signal‐processing techniques based upon the theory of Talbot self‐imaging have been demonstrated as simple and practical means for user‐defined periodicity control of optical pulse trains and combs. The resulting schemes implement a desired repetition period control without introducing any noise or distortion, while ideally preserving the entire energy content of the signal. Here, recent developments on phase‐only signal‐processing schemes for periodicity control based on temporal and spectral self‐imaging are reviewed. As a central contribution, a comprehensive theory of generalized Talbot self‐imaging, so called phase‐controlled Talbot effect, is presented, comprising all the different approaches proposed to date. In particular, a closed unified mathematical framework for the design of the spectral and temporal phase manipulations that enable full arbitrary control of the period of repetitive signals is developed. The reported numerical studies fully validate the presented theoretical framework and shed light on crucial aspects of the proposed methods, consistently with previously reported experimental results. Important considerations concerning the practical, real‐world implementation of the described schemes, according to the needed specifications for different applications, are also discussed.

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Ultralow-noise mode-locked fiber lasers and frequency combs: principles, status, and applications

Cited by 399 publications

References 297 publications

All-fiber highly chirped dissipative soliton generation in the telecom range

All-fiber highly chirped dissipative soliton generation in the telecom range

Reference-free, high-resolution measurement method of timing jitter spectra of optical frequency combs

Arbitrary Energy‐Preserving Control of Optical Pulse Trains and Frequency Combs through Generalized Talbot Effects

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