Ultrasensitive Chemiluminescence Biosensor for Nuclease and Bacterial Determination Based on Hemin-Encapsulated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles

Abstract

Bacterial determination, emerging as a critical step in the understanding of increasingly serious bacterial contaminations, remains a major challenge. Herein, a novel chemiluminescence biosensor was exploited for the ultrasensitive determination of nuclease activity and bacteria, in which, hemin, the chemiluminescent (CL) tag molecule was encapsulated into ordered mesopores of mesoporous silica nanoparticles with a specific DNA gate. The capped DNA could be specifically switched upon exposure to the DNA nuclease or bacterial lysate and allowed for an increased release of the encapsulated hemin, which therefore resulted in an obviously enhanced CL signal for the luminol−H 2 O 2 system. Attributed to this unique behavior with the linear or sigmoidal relationship between CL intensity and DNA nuclease or bacterial concentration, the as-prepared CL biosensor could detect S1 nuclease activity in the concentration range 0.01−10.0 U with a detection limit of 0.1 mU, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli) or Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in the concentration ranges 10 1 to 10 9 cfu mL −1 . The detection limit of E. coli and S. aureus was calculated to be 3.0 and 2.5 cfu mL −1 , respectively, which was comparable or even better than that of previous studies. Thus, this detection method could achieve detectable levels without cell enrichment overnight. Moreover, the proposed biosensing system could be conducted in the homogeneous solution without separation and washing, greatly improving the reaction efficiency and simplifying the procedure. As expected, the novel CL biosensor promised a great potential for simple and convenient detection of nuclease and bacteria in fields such as food bacterial contamination, pharmaceuticals, and clinical analysis.

Using chemiluminescence imaging of cells (CLIC) for relative protein quantification

“…Several technologies have been devised to enhance chemiluminescence detection and some could easily be applied to the CLIC method, especially those involving microwave enhancement of the chemiluminescent signal and mimic- enzyme probes 35 – 37 . Other chemiluminescence detection technologies with novel biosensors have proved extremely sensitive and can detect up to 2–3 bacterial CFUs per ml 38 , which is far more sensitive than our CLIC setup and could be useful in certain applications. However, use of those reagents is not common in biological fields and therefore their use may not be practical for many researchers.…”

Recent Advances in Optical Detection of Aminoglycosides

“…Chemiluminescence (CL) is a phenomenon of light radiation accompanied by chemical reactions. The CL analysis method is a widely applied trace analytical method with advantages such as its high sensitivity, wide linear range, simple equipment, and easy operation [67]. The CL of luminol was reported by Albrecht in 1928.…”

Intervention of Polydopamine Assembly and Adhesion on Nanoscale Interfaces: State‐of‐the‐Art Designs and Biomedical Applications

“…In recent years, designing and developing novel nanocarriers with superior performance to achieve efficient loading and controllable stimuli‐responsive of π ‐electron‐rich molecule has been generally considered to be an irresistible trend, which is instructive to promote further “smart” diagnosis/therapy development and clinical translations. At present, concerns regarding the limitations of popular nanocarriers, including mesoporous silica, [ 6–10 ] carbon‐based nanomaterials, [ 11–14 ] metal–organic frameworks materials, [ 15–18 ] black phosphorus, [ 19–22 ] etc., have been raised from the viewpoint of photoelectric inactivity, [ 23,24 ] guest loading restriction, [ 25,26 ] as well as poor biodegradability and structural control. [ 27–30 ]…”

“…In recent years, designing and developing novel nanocarriers with superior performance to achieve efficient loading and controllable stimuli-responsive ofelectron-rich molecule has been generally considered to be an irresistible trend, which is instructive to promote further "smart" diagnosis/therapy development and clinical translations. At present, concerns regarding the limitations of popular nanocarriers, including mesoporous silica, [6][7][8][9][10] carbon-based nanomaterials, [11][12][13][14] metalorganic frameworks materials, [15][16][17][18] black phosphorus, [19][20][21][22] etc., have been raised from the viewpoint of photoelectric inactivity, [23,24] guest loading restriction, [25,26] as well as poor biodegradability and structural control. [27][28][29][30] The cooperation of -stacking and -cation interactions plays crucial roles in biological recognition, [31,32] protein folding, [33,34] nucleobase stacking within either deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules, etc., [35,36] and is considered to be closely related to the formation and function of biological structures.…”