“…As shown in Table 1, several studies have used NWFET-based biosensors for label-free, ultra-high-sensitivity, and real-time detection of various biological targets, including a single virus 2 , adenosine triphosphate and kinase binding 3 , neuronal signals 4 , metal ions 5,6 , bacterial toxins 7 , dopamine 8 , DNA [9][10][11] , RNA 12,13 , enzyme and cancer biomarkers [14][15][16][17][18][19] , human hormones 20 , and cytokines 21,22 . These studies have demonstrated that NWFET-based biosensors represent a powerful detection platform for a broad range of biological and chemical species in a solution.…”