Ultrasensitive electrochemical aptasensor for thrombin based on the amplification of aptamer–AuNPs–HRP conjugates

Electrochemical nanomaterial-based nucleic acid aptasensors

“…in stripping voltammetry, Fig. 1b) [72] whereas their increased surface area was used to immobilize enzymes or redox molecules and to amplify their own signals [73,74], (Fig. 1c).…”

Advanced AuNMs as nanomedicine’s central goals capable of active targeting in both imaging and therapy in biomolecules

“…Zheng et al prepared an ultrasensitive EC sensor based on networklike thiocyanuric acid/AuNPs for detection of thrombin [100]. Zhao et al [101] fabricated an ultrasensitive and highly specific EC aptasensor for thrombin based on amplification of aptamer-AuNPs-horseradish peroxidase conjugates. He et al [102] reported a label-free and sensitive signal-on electrochemical assay for MTase quantification and activity analysis using AuNPsamplificatio.…”

Voltammetric aptasensors for protein disease biomarkers detection: A review

“…This aptasensor, using CV and DPV techniques, presented a low detection limit and a good specificity for thrombin, thus suggesting that these approaches improve the aptasensors performance, demonstrating the promising application of graphene for other protein detection and disease diagnosis. Zhao et al (2011a) reported another example for thrombin detection based on the amplification of aptamer-AuNPs-HRP conjugates. The aptamer-1 was immobilized into core/shell iron oxide/gold magnetic nanoparticles (Fe 3 O 4 -AuMNPs) (capture probe) and the aptamer-2 was coupled with AuNPs and HRP for signal amplification (detection probe).…”

“…Some works have reported the use of the sandwich-format aptasensor for the detection of different proteins, namely thrombin (Centi et al, 2007;Ding et al, 2010;Kang et al, 2008;Zhao et al, 2011a), C-reactive protein (CRP) (Centi et al, 2009) and PDGF Zhang et al, 2007Zhang et al, , 2009 . Centi et al (2007) developed a labelled "signal-on" electrochemical aptasensor for the detection of thrombin in complex matrices using the sandwich assay with magnetic particles as solid supports.…”

“…Metal nanoparticles (e.g. AuPNs, AgNPs, PtNPs), silica nanoparticles (Si NPs), QDs, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene (GNs) and their nanocomposites have been used for the development of electrochemical biosensors (Bai et al, 2012;Cao et al, 2014;Chen et al, 2015;Deng et al, 2013b;Hu et al, 2014;Jo et al, 2015;Li et al, 2011b;Ravalli et al, 2015;Wang et al, 2011;Zhao et al, 2011a) These nanomaterials have unique physical and chemical properties and can be used in several electrode surfaces such as GCE (Ding et al, 2010;Li et al, 2011b) and SPE (Suprun et al, 2008) in a variety of applications. For electrochemical applications, these nanomaterials allowed an easy functionalization of the electrode surfaces, namely an increase of the surface area for the aptamers attachment onto the electrode surfaces, therefore facilitating the access of the target molecule to these aptamers, and acting as electrochemical labels by increasing the signal amplification or electron-transfer mediators (Citartan et al, 2012;Erdem et al, 2009;Hernandez and Ozalp, 2012;Palchetti and Mascini, 2012;Vidotti et al, 2011;Vikesland and Wigginton, 2010;Wang et al, 2015).…”