Ultrasensitive electrochemical immunoassay based on graphene oxide–Ag composites for rapid determination of clenbuterol

Abstract

We report the development of an ultrasensitive amperometric biosensor based on Ag nanoparticles-decorated graphene oxide nanosheets (GO) (Ag-GO) for the rapid detection of clenbuterol (CLB). The morphology and structure of the Ag-GO labeled CLB (Ag-GO-CLB) were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), and ultraviolet-visible spectroscope (UV-vis). The immunosensor was prepared by covalently immobilizing capture antibodies on a multi-walled carbon nanotubes-modified glassy carbon electrode. Through competitive immunoreactions, the Ag-GO-CLB nanocomposites were captured on the immunosensor and the silver was measured by positive differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) in KCl solution for the detection of antigen. The experimental results show a linear response over the range from 0.01 to 10.0 ng mL(-1) with a lower detection limit of 6.8 pg mL(-1) (signal-to-noise ratio of 3). The Ag-GO based immunosensor offers a simple and convenient route for metal-immunoassay labels, which can avoid the complicated and time-consuming dissolving of metal component for ultrasensitive determination. Moreover, the electrochemical immunoassay shows acceptable specificity and stability and is suitable for the determination of CLB in real samples.

Graphene for Biosensor Applications

“…250 Other biological compounds of interest which have been investigated with graphene-based biosensors are acetic acid, 105 DA, 105 UA, 105,251 glucosamine, 252 acetylcholine, 253 oxygen, 228,254 and clenbuterol. 255 Since all of them use similar strategies that were previously discussed, they will not be explained here again in detail. Again, rGO and GO are used mainly as an electrode, substrate, or label material due to their outstanding features.…”

The Investigation of Electrochemistry Behaviors of Tyrosinase Based on Directly-Electrodeposited Grapheneon Choline-Gold Nanoparticles

“…Carbon can act as a primary electron donor to native electroactive sites of enzymes [ 16 ]. As the “shining star” in the carbon nanomaterial family, graphene (GR) has attracted more and more attention in the preparation of sensors and biosensors [ 22 , 23 , 24 ] due to their large surface area, extraordinary electronic transport property, high electrocatalytic activity, good mechanical strength, high thermal conductivity, and high mobility of charge carriers [ 25 , 26 , 27 ]. Our group has successfully achieved the direct chemistry of hemoglobin and glucose oxidase with GR-based materials [ 28 , 29 ].…”

Division Electrosynthesis of Palladium Nanomaterials with Copper–Graphene as Sacrificial Templates and Its Application for Hydrazine Sensing

“…Heavily oxygenated GO bearing hydroxyl and epoxide functional groups on its basal planes not only allows their dispersal and swelling in solvents but also makes MNPs easily adsorbing. GO has been used as a nanoscale building block to anchor metal ions to form hybrid materials . GO lowers the surface and interfacial tension due to its amphiphilic nature .…”