Ultrasensitive Materials for Electrochemical Biosensor Labels

Koyappayil, Aneesh; Lee, Minho

doi:10.3390/s21010089

Cited by 35 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…and enabling the label-free diagnosis of COVID-19 [21,22]. In contrast, for label-based detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, the representatives' antibodies can be functionalized with labels (e.g., quantum dots, redox-active molecules, and low-dimensional carbon materials) prior to the attachment with the biosensor probe [39]. Upon anchoring the labeled antibodies with a biosensor probe, the labels generate current responses suitable for the detection/determination of the SARS-CoV-2 virus with high specificity and selectivity.…”

Section: Antibody Biosensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in Electrochemical Biosensing of SARS-CoV-2 Virus for COVID-19 Management

Rahman

2022

Chemosensors

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Rapid and early diagnosis of lethal coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an important issue considering global human health, economy, education, and other activities. The advancement of understanding of the chemistry/biochemistry and the structure of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has led to the development of low-cost, efficient, and reliable methods for COVID-19 diagnosis over “gold standard” real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) due to its several limitations. This led to the development of electrochemical sensors/biosensors for rapid, fast, and low-cost detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus from the patient’s biological fluids by detecting the components of the virus, including structural proteins (antigens), nucleic acid, and antibodies created after COVID-19 infection. This review comprehensively summarizes the state-of-the-art research progress of electrochemical biosensors for COVID-19 diagnosis. They include the detection of spike protein, nucleocapsid protein, whole virus, nucleic acid, and antibodies. The review also outlines the structure of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, different detection methods, and design strategies of electrochemical SARS-CoV-2 biosensors by highlighting the current challenges and future perspectives.

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Section: Antibody Biosensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in Electrochemical Biosensing of SARS-CoV-2 Virus for COVID-19 Management

Rahman

2022

Chemosensors

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“…Recently, owing to the wide range of diagnosis applications for precise healthcare monitoring, the design and development of sensor materials have become center stage for the development of biosensors where advanced materials play a key role [111][112][113][114]. The advancement of technology has also driven smart and wearable devices for biomedical applications, and smart sensors on flexible electronics made great progress in medical applications [115][116][117]. Smart biosensors can respond to and record external stimuli such as electrical, chemical, optical, mechanical, and thermal, thereby enabling fitness tracking, real-time health monitoring, and disease forecasting [118,119].…”

Section: Biosensor and Smart Sensor Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances of MXenes; Perspectives on Biomedical Research

2022

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The last decade witnessed the emergence of a new family of 2D transition metal carbides and nitrides named MXenes, which quickly gained momentum due to their exceptional electrical, mechanical, optical, and tunable functionalities. These outstanding properties also rendered them attractive materials for biomedical and biosensing applications, including drug delivery systems, antimicrobial applications, tissue engineering, sensor probes, auxiliary agents for photothermal therapy and hyperthermia applications, etc. The hydrophilic nature of MXenes with rich surface functional groups is advantageous for biomedical applications over hydrophobic nanoparticles that may require complicated surface modifications. As an emerging 2D material with numerous phases and endless possible combinations with other 2D materials, 1D materials, nanoparticles, macromolecules, polymers, etc., MXenes opened a vast terra incognita for diverse biomedical applications. Recently, MXene research picked up the pace and resulted in a flood of literature reports with significant advancements in the biomedical field. In this context, this review will discuss the recent advancements, design principles, and working mechanisms of some interesting MXene-based biomedical applications. It also includes major progress, as well as key challenges of various types of MXenes and functional MXenes in conjugation with drug molecules, metallic nanoparticles, polymeric substrates, and other macromolecules. Finally, the future possibilities and challenges of this magnificent material are discussed in detail.

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“…Furthermore, the additional preparation steps for complex labelling might prolong the time needed to construct the electrochemical biosensors. Moreover, electrochemical detection can only be carried out by highly trained personnel to ensure the quality of the analysis and interpretation of the results [ 83 , 84 ]. Hence, they are not preferable for real-time measurements.…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 Electrochemical Biosensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilizing Electrochemical-Based Sensing Approaches for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Clinical Samples: A Review

et al. 2022

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The development of precise and efficient diagnostic tools enables early treatment and proper isolation of infected individuals, hence limiting the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The standard diagnostic tests used by healthcare workers to diagnose severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection have some limitations, including longer detection time, the need for qualified individuals, and the use of sophisticated bench-top equipment, which limit their use for rapid SARS-CoV-2 assessment. Advances in sensor technology have renewed the interest in electrochemical biosensors miniaturization, which provide improved diagnostic qualities such as rapid response, simplicity of operation, portability, and readiness for on-site screening of infection. This review gives a condensed overview of the current electrochemical sensing platform strategies for SARS-CoV-2 detection in clinical samples. The fundamentals of fabricating electrochemical biosensors, such as the chosen electrode materials, electrochemical transducing techniques, and sensitive biorecognition molecules, are thoroughly discussed in this paper. Furthermore, we summarised electrochemical biosensors detection strategies and their analytical performance on diverse clinical samples, including saliva, blood, and nasopharyngeal swab. Finally, we address the employment of miniaturized electrochemical biosensors integrated with microfluidic technology in viral electrochemical biosensors, emphasizing its potential for on-site diagnostics applications.

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Ultrasensitive Materials for Electrochemical Biosensor Labels

Cited by 35 publications

References 84 publications

Progress in Electrochemical Biosensing of SARS-CoV-2 Virus for COVID-19 Management

Progress in Electrochemical Biosensing of SARS-CoV-2 Virus for COVID-19 Management

Advances of MXenes; Perspectives on Biomedical Research

Utilizing Electrochemical-Based Sensing Approaches for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Clinical Samples: A Review

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