Ultrasensitive room temperature NH<sub>3</sub> sensor based on a graphene–polyaniline hybrid loaded on PET thin film

Bai, Shouli; Zhao, Yutao; Sun, Jianhua; Tian, Ye; Luo, Ruixian; Li, Dianqing; Chen, Aifan

doi:10.1039/c5cc01241d

Cited by 116 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…A large specific surface area (as shown in Figure 8) due to that the PANI nanoparticles and chains are anchored on the surface of GN, is benefit to the adsorption of NH 3 gas on the composite surface and the deprotonation at the interface of the composite. 29 Consequently, the response-recovery speed would be enhanced. In addition, the GN provides high conductivity and carriers mobility, and the electron transfer energy between PANI and GN is relatively lower (∼101 meV).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective Room-Temperature Ammonia-Sensitive Composite Sensor Based on Graphene Nanoplates and PANI

Chen

Liu

et al. 2018

ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol.

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The graphene nanoplate (GN)-polyaniline (PANI) composite was developed via in-situ polymerization method and simultaneously assembled on interdigital electrodes (IDEs) at low temperature for ammonia (NH 3 ) detection. The assembled composite sensor showed excellent sensing performance toward different concentrations of NH 3 , 1.5 of response value and 123 s/204 s for the response/recovery time to 15 ppm NH 3 . Meanwhile, an interesting supersaturation phenomenon was observed at high concentration of NH 3 . A reasonable speculation was proposed for this special sensing behavior and the mechanism for enhanced sensing properties was also analyzed. Among the toxic gases of the interest, ammonia is a prominent example for its wide applications in industrial manufacturing and daily life. 1 It can even be generally produced in natural processes in animals, human and plants. 2 Ammonia can irritates skin, eyes and respiratory tract of humans when the concentration reaches to a certain value (the safety threshold is ∼25 ppm in air). 3 It is also flammable at concentration of ca. 15%-28% by volume in air. 4 Therefore, many approaches have been employed to detect ammonia, including gas chromatography, 5 polarography, 6 fluorometry 7 and spectrophotometry. 8 Meanwhile, with the consideration of the need for cheap, fast and efficient sensors, semiconductor-based gas sensors have been developed quickly. 9 As an emerging 2-D material, graphene has attracted much attention worldwide for its large specific surface area 10 and excellent electrical properties. 11,12 However, no material can be satisfactorily applied in any field, especially in complex scenarios. Theoretical and experimental studies have shown graphene performs limited selectivity to different kinds of gas species. 13 Composition with other functional materials would be an expectable choice. The conducting polymer, especially polyaniline (PANI), 14 is a promising choice, as their low cost and ability for room-temperature detection. 15 Extensive studies reported that the composite of PANI and graphene demonstrates efficient charge transport and collection, 16 as well as enhanced thermal and chemical stability. 17 Herein, GN-PANI nanocomposite film was synthesized by in-situ chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline in a functional graphene nanoplate (GN) suspension, and was simultaneously assembled onto a substrate with interdigital electrodes (IDEs) at low temperature. It suggests that the composite film sensor shows enhanced π electrons conjugation system, large specific surface area and stronger intermolecular interaction. Benefit from this, the composite showed a much improved sensing performance comparing with bare GN and bare PANI based sensors. z E-mail: zhichen@engr.uky.edu; taitai1980@uestc.edu.cn ExperimentalMaterials.-Aniline (≥99.5%), poly (diallyldimenthylammonium chloride) solution (PDDA) and poly (sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co., USA. Ammonium persulfate (APS) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) were obtained from Chen...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective Room-Temperature Ammonia-Sensitive Composite Sensor Based on Graphene Nanoplates and PANI

Chen

Liu

et al. 2018

ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol.

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“…The sensor based on the nanostructured PANi has high specific surface area, which provides high sensitivity and fast response [7,12,13]. To improve the stability, sensitivity, and response time of the sensors, the PANi with different dopants were synthesized in the structure by coating its layers with different nanostructures such as nanoparticles [14,15], graphene, which comprise 2D arrays of carbon atoms [16], or nano-thin film on microstructure arrays [17]. The Pd possesses an electronic open-shell configuration 4d 9 5s 1 with 0.95 eV higher in energy compared with the closed-shell configuration 4d 10 5s 0 [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elaboration of Pd-nanoparticle decorated polyaniline films for room temperature NH3 gas sensors

Hien

Giang

Hiếu

et al. 2017

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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“…room (≤ 45˚C), not only avoids the heating 30 assembly but also makes the sensor setup simpler, portable, and cheaper. Khuspe et al reported that the incorporation of metal 95 oxides into polymer matrix greatly modify the microstructure and the mechanical properties of original polymer 26 and improves the sensing performance of sensor. polyaniline (PAni), polypyrrole, polythiophene etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The resulting mixture was kept at room temperature for 3 h followed by continuous stirring. The resulting film was washed in distilled water to eliminate the low molecular weight organic intermediates and dried at the ambient temperature and used for further studies.The synthesis process for the development 55 ofPAni/α-Fe 2 O 3 nanocomposite on PET substrate isillustrated thorough Scheme 1 26,29. To get emeraldine base form of PANi; de-doping of salt form takes place with 0.1 M NH 4 OH solution and at same time PET substrates were vertically dipped in the beaker.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ultra-sensitive polyaniline–iron oxide nanocomposite room temperature flexible ammonia sensor

et al. 2015

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A novel flexible, ultra-sensitive, selective, and room temperature operable polyaniline/iron-oxide (PAni/α-Fe 2 O 3 ) nanocomposite 5 ammonia (NH 3 ) gas sensor was developed onto a flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate by in-situpolymerization process.The observations were recorded to 100ppm fixed level for various gases including NO 2, CH 3 OH, C 2 H 5 OH, NH 3 , and H 2 S through monitoring the change in resistance of the developed sensor. The flexible PAni/α-Fe 2 O 3 nanocomposite sensor demonstrated better selectivity towards NH 3 (response = 39% and stability = 74%). The synergistic response of the flexible PAni/α-Fe 2 O 3 sensor was remarkable than that of the PAni and α-Fe 2 O 3 alone; indicating the effective improvement in the performance of PAni flexible sensor on 10 nanocomposite process. Moreover, the flexible sensor detected NH 3 at low concentration (5ppm) with a fast response (27s) and very short recovery time (46s). Further, PAni/α-Fe 2 O 3 flexible sensor films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, UV-visible and Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron for structural analysis, morphological evolution, optical and surface related studies. 15

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Ultrasensitive room temperature NH₃ sensor based on a graphene–polyaniline hybrid loaded on PET thin film

Cited by 116 publications

References 33 publications

Effective Room-Temperature Ammonia-Sensitive Composite Sensor Based on Graphene Nanoplates and PANI

Effective Room-Temperature Ammonia-Sensitive Composite Sensor Based on Graphene Nanoplates and PANI

Elaboration of Pd-nanoparticle decorated polyaniline films for room temperature NH3 gas sensors

Ultra-sensitive polyaniline–iron oxide nanocomposite room temperature flexible ammonia sensor

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Ultrasensitive room temperature NH3 sensor based on a graphene–polyaniline hybrid loaded on PET thin film

Cited by 116 publications

References 33 publications

Effective Room-Temperature Ammonia-Sensitive Composite Sensor Based on Graphene Nanoplates and PANI

Effective Room-Temperature Ammonia-Sensitive Composite Sensor Based on Graphene Nanoplates and PANI

Elaboration of Pd-nanoparticle decorated polyaniline films for room temperature NH3 gas sensors

Ultra-sensitive polyaniline–iron oxide nanocomposite room temperature flexible ammonia sensor

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Ultrasensitive room temperature NH₃ sensor based on a graphene–polyaniline hybrid loaded on PET thin film