“…5 To meet this need, various metals have been explored so far for use in electrocatalysts for NRR applications. 6 Although noble metals, such as Au, 7 Ir, 8 Ru, 9 and Pd 10 , are often employed, which show outstanding activity for the NRR, their high cost and scarcity limit their large scale (or industrial) applications. 11,12 As non-precious metal catalysts, on the other hand, Fe and Mo are now the most widely used elements because they are located near the top of the nitrogen binding energy plot.…”