Ultrasmall Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Coated with Fucoidan for Molecular MRI of Intraluminal Thrombus

Abstract

In vivo thrombi can thus be evidenced by MRI with USPIO-FUCO.

Extravasated platelet aggregation in the livers of rats with drug-induced hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome

“…Reduced RECA-1 expression indicated that the sinusoidal lining had largely disappeared. CD34 has been used to detect sinusoidal capillary formation in liver tissue and to differentiate between normal and altered sinusoidal epithelium (20)(21)(22)(23).…”

“…Platelet aggregation was assessed by immunohistochemical staining of liver tissues with antibodies to platelet glycoprotein IIb (CD41) (1:100, orb4832; Biorbyt, Cambridge, UK) and P-selectin (1:50, ERP1444(2)(B); Abcam, Tokyo, Japan), the latter being a member of the selectin family of adhesion molecules expressed on activated platelets and endothelium (20). Damage to sinusoidal endothelial cells was determined by immunostaining rat liver tissues with antibodies to rat endothelial cell antigen-1 (RECA-1) (#MCZ-970R; Serotec, Oxford, UK) and CD34 (1:20, AF4117; R&D Systems, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA), the latter being a marker of sinusoidal capillary formation in liver tissue, thereby differentiating between normal and altered sinusoidal epithelium (21)(22)(23)(24).…”

Fe₃O₄-based PLGA nanoparticles as MR contrast agents for the detection of thrombosis

“…A variety of particles have been reported in the literature for thrombosis detection. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Compared with ultrasound, [4][5][6][7][8] nuclear medicine, 9,10,18 and computed tomography (CT), 11 the advantages of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that are particularly relevant in the context of cardiovascular diseases are its high temporal and spatial imaging resolution, high soft tissue contrast,…”

“…In recent years, MR contrast agents, such as gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA), superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO), and ultra-small superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide (USPIOs), have been successfully encapsulated into macromolecular polymer particles to create novel contrast agents. [12][13][14][15][16][17] The fibrin-targeted MR molecular probe EP-2104R has entered clinical trials with encouraging results. 19 Comparatively Gd-DTPA, SPIO and USPIO have the advantages of long half-lives, high relaxation rates, and minimal side effects.…”

“…20,21 Most previous studies of thrombosis detection molecules have focused on their physicochemical properties in vitro and targeting abilities in vivo. 12,15 In some studies, new MRI contrast agents targeting activated platelets have been successfully prepared and used to detect endovascular thrombi in vivo. 17,22,23 Similarly, in our previous studies, we synthesized novel types of thrombus-targeting particles and confirmed their targeting ability and contrast-enhancing effects in vitro.…”