Ultrasonic Assessment During Pregnancy in Goats – A Review

Erdoğan, Güneş

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0531.2011.01873.x

Cited by 20 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…It allows the performance of foetometry when crown rump length and BPD are not measurable, especially in the third trimester (4,11). In the present study, there was only one significant difference between the TD values of single and twin foetuses, on day 115 of pregnancy (P < 0.01).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…The use of ultrasonography minimises the slaughter rate of pregnant animals, facilitates optimal feeding for ideal birth weight, and reduces feed cost in females carrying a singleton (1)(2)(3)(4). Moreover, the pregnant ewe model being used in numerous human biomedical studies and ultrasound examination of foetuses in the intrauterine environment emphasises the multidisciplinary importance of this method (5,6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Comparison of foetal growth in singleton and twin pregnancies byB-mode and Doppler ultrasonography in Karya ewes

Erdoğan¹,

Çetin²,

Ceylan³

et al. 2016

Turk J Vet Anim Sci

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of foetal growth in singleton and twin pregnancies byB-mode and Doppler ultrasonography in Karya ewes

Erdoğan¹,

Çetin²,

Ceylan³

et al. 2016

Turk J Vet Anim Sci

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“…Animals with evidence of fetal non-viability (significant reduction of intrauterine fluid, absence of fetal heart beat, and absence of fetal movement) were administered 2 mL of dinoprost tromethamine (Lutalyse®, Zoetis Inc., Kalamazoo, MI, USA) and uterine contents were collected approximately 48 – 72 h later. Crown-rump lengths were determined on recovered fetuses to estimate gestational age of death based on a previously published equation (y = 24.42 + 0.39x) [28,29]. Fetuses were dissected to collect tissues including liver, heart, thymus, skin, brain, and placenta for VI and RT-PCR.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental infection of pregnant goats with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) 1 or 2

Passler

Riddell

Edmondson

et al. 2014

Vet Res

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Infections with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) of the genus pestivirus, family Flaviviridae, are not limited to cattle but occur in various artiodactyls. Persistently infected (PI) cattle are the main source of BVDV. Persistent infections also occur in heterologous hosts such as sheep and deer. BVDV infections of goats commonly result in reproductive disease, but viable PI goats are rare. Using 2 BVDV isolates, previously demonstrated to cause PI cattle and white-tailed deer, this study evaluated the outcome of experimental infection of pregnant goats. Pregnant goats (5 goats/group) were intranasally inoculated with BVDV 1b AU526 (group 1) or BVDV 2 PA131 (group 2) at approximately 25–35 days of gestation. The outcome of infection varied considerably between groups. In group 1, only 3 does became viremic, and 1 doe gave birth to a stillborn fetus and a viable PI kid, which appeared healthy and shed BVDV continuously. In group 2, all does became viremic, 4/5 does aborted, and 1 doe gave birth to a non-viable PI kid. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated BVDV antigen in tissues of evaluated fetuses, with similar distribution but reduced intensity as compared to cattle. The genetic sequence of inoculated viruses was compared to those from PI kids and their dam. Most nucleotide changes in group 1 were present during the dam’s acute infection. In group 2, a similar number of mutations resulted from fetal infection as from maternal acute infection. Results demonstrated that BVDV may cause reproductive disease but may also be maintained in goats.

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“…The main parameter of gestational age during the first three postconception weeks is uterine lumen diameter. As pregnancy advances, structures such as embryo/foetus, placentomes and amniotic fluid amount could be visualized and measured as well (Erdogan, 2012;Martinez, Bosch, & Bosch, 1998). The major part of researchers (Abdelghafar et al, 2011;Karen et al, 2009;Suguna et al, 2008) demonstrated a strong correlation (R 2 ≥ 0.90) between gestational age and crown-rump length (CRL), trunk diameter (TD) and biparietal diameter (BPD).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the gestational age through ultrasound measurements of some uterine and foetal parameters in Bulgarian local goats

Karadaev

Fasulkov

Yotov

et al. 2018

Reprod Domestic Animals

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The aim of the current study was to determine the gestational age in goats through the measurement of some foetal and uterine structures. Twenty-four pregnant Bulgarian local goats were submitted to ultrasound foetometry by transrectal and transabdominal approaches. Ultrasound measurement of studied parameters was done at 7-day intervals during the first trimester of gestation (days 21-49) and at 14-day intervals between gestation days 49 and 133. Associations of foetometry data with foetal age were investigated by linear (y = a + bx), quadratic (y = ax + bx + c) and exponential (y = ax ) equations. According to the results, some biometric parameters (uterine lumen diameter, crown-rump length, trunk diameter, biparietal diameter, foetal aortic diameter) exhibited a stronger correlation to gestational age (R ≥ 0.90) and lower standard error of the estimate (SEE ≤ 8) as compared to foetal eye orbit diameter, and outer and inner placentome diameters (R ≤ 0.90; SEE ≥ 8). Each of these biometric parameters could be measured in different periods of gestation, thus allowing for monitoring and determination of foetal age at almost all stages of pregnancy.

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Ultrasonic Assessment During Pregnancy in Goats – A Review

Cited by 20 publications

References 40 publications

Comparison of foetal growth in singleton and twin pregnancies byB-mode and Doppler ultrasonography in Karya ewes

Comparison of foetal growth in singleton and twin pregnancies byB-mode and Doppler ultrasonography in Karya ewes

Experimental infection of pregnant goats with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) 1 or 2

Determination of the gestational age through ultrasound measurements of some uterine and foetal parameters in Bulgarian local goats

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