Ultrasonic-Assisted and Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Phenolics and Terpenoids from Abelmoschus sagittifolius (Kurz) Merr Roots Using Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents

Abstract

This research extracted phenolics and terpenoids from Abelmoschus sagittifolius (Kurz) Merr roots using natural deep eutectic solvent-based novel extraction techniques. Twelve natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) were produced for recovering phenolics and terpenoids. Citric acid/glucose and lactic acid/glucose, with a molar ratio of 2:1, were determined as the most appropriate NADESs for extracting phenolics and terpenoids, respectively. Afterward, the proper conditions for NADES-based ultrasonic-assisted and microwave-assisted extraction were investigated. Then, the time and liquid-to-solid ratios of ultrasonic- and microwave-combined extraction methods and the sequence of ultrasound and microwave treatments were examined. The conditions of ultrasonic-assisted extraction were 40 mL/g liquid-to-solid ratio, 40% water content, 30°C, 5 min, and 600 W ultrasonic power for the highest terpenoid recovery at 69 ± 2 mg UA/g dw, while 150 W ultrasonic power was suitable for phenolic recovery at 9.56 ± 0.17 mg GAE/g dw. The conditions of microwave-assisted extraction were 50 mL/g liquid-to-solid ratio, 20% water content, 400 W microwave power, and 2 min to acquire the highest phenolics and terpenoids at 22.13 ± 0.75 mg GAE/g dw and 90 ± 1 mg UA/g dw, respectively. Under appropriate conditions, the biological activities, phenolic content, and terpenoid content of obtained extracts from four extraction methods, including ultrasonic-assisted, microwave-assisted, ultrasonic–microwave-assisted, and microwave–ultrasonic-assisted extraction, were compared to select the most proper method. The conditions of ultrasonic–microwave-assisted extraction were 40 mL/g liquid-to-solid ratio, 5 min sonication, and 1 min microwave irradiation to obtain the highest phenolic and terpenoid contents (27.07 ± 0.27 mg GAE/g dw and 111 ± 3 mg UA/g dw, respectively). Ultrasonic–microwave-assisted extraction showed the highest phenolic content, terpenoid content, and biological activities among the four extraction techniques. The changes in the surface morphology were determined using scanning electron microscopy. This study demonstrated that ultrasonic–microwave-assisted extraction was an effective and sustainable method in food and pharmaceutical industries for recovering phenolics and terpenoids from Abelmoschus sagittifolius (Kurz) Merr.

The Effects of Selected Extraction Methods and Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents on the Recovery of Active Principles from Aralia elata var. mandshurica (Rupr. & Maxim.) J. Wen: A Non-Targeted Metabolomics Approach

“…ex D.Don [ 12 ], and Polygonatum sibiricum F.Delaroche [ 13 ], as well as different terpenoids from Abelmoschus sagittifolius Merr. [ 14 ].…”

“…According to the available literature data, NADESs were successfully implemented in the extraction of saponins [ 11 , 14 , 30 , 31 ]. Recently, we have reported the successful extraction of triterpene saponins from the roots of A. elata using a conventional maceration procedure, which involved using a broad selection of alternatively applied NADESs [ 24 ].…”

Extracting bioactive compounds and proteins from Bacopa monnieri using natural deep eutectic solvents

“…Currently, there has been extensive research conducted on the use of NADESs in bioactive compounds extraction from various sources such as plants and food processing waste, including Abelmoschus sagittifolius (Kurz) Merr, blueberry leaves, coffee husk waste. Previous research conducted by Tan Phat Vo et al [5] focused on using NADES solvents to extract bioactive compounds from Bo Chinh ginseng. Marı ´a Santos-Martı ´n et al [6] used NADESs-based UAE to extract phenolic compounds from blueberry leaves.…”

Extraction and Purification of Aucubin from Eucommia ulmoides Seed Draff in Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents Using Macroporous Resins

“…glabra residue . Additionally, most active compounds of flavonoids, , terpenoids, and polyphenol , could be efficiently extracted from natural plants by DES.…”

“…34 Liu et al confirmed the possibility to apply DES for the Glabridin extraction from the G. glabra residue. 35 Additionally, most active compounds of flavonoids, 36,37 terpenoids, 38 and polyphenol 39,40 could be efficiently extracted from natural plants by DES. The method of macroporous resin adsorption has been extensively used in the purification of natural products.…”