Ultrasonic-assisted biodiesel production process from palm oil using alkaline earth metal oxides as the heterogeneous catalysts

Mootabadi, Hamed; Salamatinia, Babak; Bhatia, Subhash; Abdullah, Ahmad Zuhairi

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2009.12.023

Cited by 277 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The yield and conversion of RPO biodiesel drop to 66.19% and 75.93%, respectively, while the yield and conversion of CPO biodiesel drop to 64.19% and 91.24%, respectively, at 60 min. These results are in line with that reported by [11] whereby only 75% conversion was detected at 60 min in CaO catalyzed ultrasound-assisted transesterification of palm oil.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The RPO yields for all catalyst loadings are comparable within the range of 81-84%. These results are supported by [11] in which the yields were reportedly similar with increasing amount of heterogeneous catalysts (CaO and SrO) in the ultrasonic reactor. It was suggested that catalyst loading may not be the dominant factor controlling the rate of reaction in ultrasonic systems.…”

Section: Effects Of Catalyst Loadingsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Equation (7)(8)(9)(10)(11) were used to determine the percentages (m/m) of free glycerol, mono-,di-, and triglycerides, and total glycerol in the biodiesel sample, respectively.…”

Section: Determination Of the Percentage Of Free Glycerol And Glyceridesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, the majority of heterogeneous ultrasoundassisted transesterification studies utilize refined oils as their feedstock [1,2,6,[9][10][11]. Salamatinia et al [12] have recently reported that biodiesel could be produced from palm, corn, canola, and sunflower oils using ultrasound.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrasound‐assisted transesterification of refined and crude palm oils using heterogeneous palm oil mill fly ash supported calcium oxide catalyst

Gan

et al. 2015

Energy Science & Engineering

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Ultrasound-assisted transesterification of refined palm oil (RPO) and crude palm oil (CPO) to produce biodiesel using a palm oil mill fly ash supported calcium oxide (CaO) catalyst is studied in this work. The reaction time is significantly reduced from a maximum of 360 min under conventional mixing to just 30 min with the use of ultrasound. Under ultrasonic cavitation, the required catalyst loading and methanol to oil molar ratio to produce comparable yields and fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) conversions as conventional mixing are lower. For RPO, the ultrasound-assisted transesterification conditions of 60% ultrasonic amplitude, 30 min reaction time, 4 wt.% catalyst loading, and 9:1 methanol to oil molar ratio result in maximum biodiesel yield and FAME conversion of 85.23% and 97.02%, respectively. As for CPO, maximum biodiesel yield of 73.23% and FAME conversion of 97.04% are obtained under the same conditions with the exception of a methanol to oil molar ratio of 12:1. Key physicochemical properties of the produced biodiesels are found to be within the limits set by EN 14214 and ASTM D 6751. Catalyst reusability tests indicate that the catalyst can be used up to three consecutive cycles after regeneration using methanol washing followed by recalcination at 850°C for 2 h.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Effects Of Catalyst Loadingsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Equation (7)(8)(9)(10)(11) were used to determine the percentages (m/m) of free glycerol, mono-,di-, and triglycerides, and total glycerol in the biodiesel sample, respectively.…”

Section: Determination Of the Percentage Of Free Glycerol And Glyceridesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrasound‐assisted transesterification of refined and crude palm oils using heterogeneous palm oil mill fly ash supported calcium oxide catalyst

Gan

et al. 2015

Energy Science & Engineering

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“…Ultrasonic-assisted transesterification does not only shorten reaction time, but also minimize the molar ratio of alcohol to oil and reduce energy consumption compared to conventional mechanical stirring method [25].There are many researchers on transesterification of vegetable oils at laboratory scale have reported excellent biodiesel yield by ultrasonic technique. Many type of conventional ultrasonic such as ultrasonic cleaner [7,12], ultrasonic horn [13,14], and ultrasonic processor [14][15]26] for biodiesel process has been investigated. However, conventional ultrasonic systems are based on the relatively-fixed resonant frequency of the transducers used, small capacity and inefficient sonochemistry reactors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel Production From Waste Cooking Oil by Using Ultrasonic Tubular Reactor

Agustian

Praptijanto²,

Sebayang³

et al. 2016

IJIMEAM

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The aim of this research is to find an optimum of synthesis biodiesel from waste cooking oil (WCO) using ultrasonic tubular reactor. The experimental studies explored the variations in reaction time, molar ratio WCO to methanol (MeOH), amount of catalyst, frequency of ultrasonic and output power ultrasonic on the ester contents. Comparisons of type ultrasonic and also mechanical stirring method based on time reaction were investigated. The optimum results of biodiesel process is the reaction time of 5 minute, NaOH catalyst 1%wt of WCO, molar ratio WCO to MeOH of 1:6, frequency ultrasonic of 20 KHz and output power ultrasonic of 650 W. The reaction time reduced 12-24 times compared to both of method and the yield of ester contents was obtained at 96.54%wt.

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References

2019

The Science of Climate Change

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Ultrasonic-assisted biodiesel production process from palm oil using alkaline earth metal oxides as the heterogeneous catalysts

Cited by 277 publications

References 22 publications

Ultrasound‐assisted transesterification of refined and crude palm oils using heterogeneous palm oil mill fly ash supported calcium oxide catalyst

Ultrasound‐assisted transesterification of refined and crude palm oils using heterogeneous palm oil mill fly ash supported calcium oxide catalyst

Biodiesel Production From Waste Cooking Oil by Using Ultrasonic Tubular Reactor

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