Ultrasonic attenuation spectroscopy of emulsions with droplet sizes greater than 10 μm

Measuring particle concentration in multiphase pipe flow using acoustic backscatter: Generalization of the dual-frequency inversion method

“…By analogy to optics, these two mechanisms collectively contribute toward attenuation (classically referred to as extinction) of the emitted signal in an additive fashion (Dukhin and Goetz, 2002). Absorption mechanisms can be categorized further, as follows (Babick et al, 1998;Richter et al, 2007): viscous or visco-inertial, a vi ; thermal, a th ; structural, a st ; electrokinetic, a el ; and intrinsic, a in or a w , i.e., those mechanisms that are due to the liquid phase.…”

The use of ultrasonic measurements for the determination of particle size distribution in diluted tomato paste

“…Richter et al . () verified this model by performing measurements in the frequency range of 1–100 MHz in a water–oil emulsion. Their analyses proved that the sum produced by eqn is a satisfactory representation of measurement data when n = 1.…”

“…In products such as dairy beverages, plant oils, fruit and vegetable juices or purees, PSD is recognised as a significant parameter of food quality and its technological properties (Meyer et al ., ). Ultrasonic attenuation measurements were recently applied to PSD determination in plant oils, such as canola (Shukla et al ., ), corn (McClements et al ., ), sunflower and olive oils (Wang & Povey, ; Mougin et al ., ; Richter et al ., ), in tomato ketchup (Bayod et al ., ) and in dairy beverages (Meyer et al ., ). It was also used to evaluate the solid fat content in opaque fat blends (Wassell et al ., ) and carbohydrate content and density of fruit juices and drinks (Contreras et al ., ).…”

Development of a new reflectance technique to investigate the mechanism of emulsification

“…The main disadvantages of these online imaging techniques are the need for substantial image analysis, the fact that images are localised on, or very close to, the wall of the process chamber, and that they cannot be used for concentrated emulsions. Other online techniques have also been developed which are based on the properties of propagated light or sound during the process (Basaran and McClements, 1999;Chatzi et al, 1991;Richter et al, 2007;Zhou and Kresta, 1998). These techniques often require transparent systems and as a result are limited to dilute emulsions (less than 10% volume fraction of dispersed phase).…”