Ultrasonic cross-sectional visualization of hydrocephalus in infants

The history of neuroradiology: An Australian perspective

“…Subsequently, they described the normal ultrasound anatomy of the infant brain (45). Their publication in 1975 correlating ultrasound and air studies of the infant brain (46) clearly established the clinical role of cranial ultrasound in the neonate and infant, in most cases making invasive air studies obsolete in this age group. A presentation by Garrett and Kossoff in 1976 clearly established their leading role in the development of B-mode gray scale ultrasound and its application to neuroradiology of the neonate and infant (47).…”

Neonatal brain: sonography of congenital abnormalities

“…Babcock et al [5] found that static scans obtained through the anterior fontanelle were the most useful. Others [2,6] used an automated water delay scanner to obtain axial scans of the brain. We describe our experience with neal-time and static sonograms obtained mainly through the anterior fontanelle in the delineation and diagnosis of congenital intracranial abnormalities, both echogenic and cystic.…”

Gray Scale Ultrasound Studies in Neonatal Infants with Malformation of the Brain

“…This ability of ultrasound to demonstrate intracranial anatomy is at present unique to the neonate, since as the child matures the skull vault thickens and becomes relatively impervious to the ultrasound beam. Ultrasound has been shown capable of demonstrating not only the anatomy but also intracranial pathology in the neonate, including intra cerebral hemorrhage, posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus, the assessment of progression and of arrested hydrocephalus following shunt procedures, and the detection of subdural and extradural collections [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][21][22][23][24], Although scanning through the fontanellesand open sutures has been more recently suggested as the technique of choice for examination of the periventricular area [25,26], in particular with a view to assessing germinal matrix hemorrhage and posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus, such an approach provides only a limited window to the remainder of the intra cerebral structures; in particular the frontal lobes, the occipital lobes, and the posterior fossa are not well imaged. The use of the axial plane provides images of comparable anatomical section to those produced by CT.…”

“…Diagnostic ultrasound is a safe noninvasive technique utilising low energy ultrasonic waves that has been reported by others to be useful in the evaluation of infants with hydrocephalus and associated intracerebral abnormalities [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Two-dimensional echoenccphalography utilizing an automated ultrasound machine (octoson) [10] was used in the present study to diagnose brain malformations in 3 of the infants admitted to an intensive care nursery; in the fourth the diagnosis was made by lineararray, real-time ultrasound alone.…”