Ultrasonic De-Icing Bondline Design and Rotor Ice Testing

Overmeyer, Austin; Palacios, José; Smith, Edward C.

doi:10.2514/1.j052601

Cited by 56 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…7 show that the arrangement is able to generate sufficient stress at the blade's edge to remove the ice. It should be noted that the occurrence of matrix failure or glass fibre failure under these conditions, has been well investigated both experimentally and theoretically [4,5,8,13]. Additionally, for more clarity, studies carried out by Zhao et al [25] showed that the levels of shear stress required to delaminate unidirectional glass fibre-epoxy composite are from 25 Mpa to 72 Mpa due to different surface treatments while, according to Fig.…”

Section: Ultrasonic Guided Wavesmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Results for de-icing of the helicopter blade proved to be more effective in the most critical areas of the blade near to the hub while being less efficient at the leading edge. However, for wind turbines, the leading edge of the blade is of high importance for de-icing or protection against freezing [5,9]. Hence the dual system which has been studied here combines low frequency vibrations and ultrasonic waves in an attempt to provide total blade coverage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A dual de-icing system for wind turbine blades combining high-power ultrasonic guided waves and low-frequency forced vibrations

et al. 2015

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a b s t r a c tWind turbines mounted on cold climate sites are subject to icing which could significantly influence the performance of the turbine blades for harvesting wind energy. In this study, an innovative dual de-icing system under development is described. This either prevents ice accumulation (anti-icing) or removes any ice layer present on the surface of the blade material (de-icing). A modelling study on ultrasonic guided waves propagating in composite blades was used to determine the optimal frequency and location of the transducers for ensuring wave propagation, causing the required level of energy concentration and resulting shear stress across the leading edge of the turbine's blade. In parallel, the effects of low frequency vibrations have been investigated through modal and harmonic analyses. This allowed specification and optimisation of the positioning of shaker(s), together with the magnitude and direction of harmonic forces required to induce sufficient acceleration to the blade surface for ice removal. An appropriate survey was also carried out to evaluate the potential for fatigue failure of the blade due to harmonic forces induced by shakers. The proposed technique configures and presents an active solution for the icing problem, allowing safe and reliable operation of wind turbines in adverse weather conditions.

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Section: Ultrasonic Guided Wavesmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A dual de-icing system for wind turbine blades combining high-power ultrasonic guided waves and low-frequency forced vibrations

et al. 2015

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“…Ultrasonic technology is a new type of ice protection technology that has been used in nondestructive testing for decades before it is used for deicing of blades. The principle of this technique is to form shear stress on the surface of the ice and the blade, and use shear stress to separate the ice from the blade . Shear stress is mainly caused by Lamb waves and SH waves in the composite ice system.…”

Section: Anti‐ice System and De‐icing Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The principle of this technique is to form shear stress on the surface of the ice and the blade, and use shear stress to separate the ice from the blade. 100,101 Shear stress is mainly caused by Lamb waves and SH waves in the composite ice system. Figure 24 shows the shear stress direction of the composite ice system and the composite sheet and the ice layer.…”

Section: Ultrasonicmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on ice detection technology and ice elimination technology for wind turbine

et al. 2019

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Blade icing can affect wind turbines to generate electricity. In severe cases, 30% of power generation is lost in a year, and safety problems in the vicinity of wind power plants are also caused. Researchers have designed anti-icing and de-icing technologies to reduce these effects, and excellent ice-detecting devices are a prerequisite for using anti-icing and de-icing technologies. Ultrasonic attenuation technology can effectively and reliably detect the presence of ice without affecting the aerodynamic performance of the blade, providing a reliable guarantee for anti-icing and de-icing systems. Deicing and anti-icing systems are divided into active and passive, active heating blades are still the most effective anti-icing and de-icing methods, but their energy consumption is too high. Although there are many existing de-icing methods, there are not many practical uses. This article introduces them separately and lists their advantages and disadvantages. The use of ultrasonic anti-icing and de-icing is an economical and reliable means that has been proven to be used for anti-icing and de-icing of blades. However, under normal circumstances, a single anti-icing de-icing system cannot completely solve the problem of icing of the blades. This paper suggests using both ultrasonic and hydrophobic coatings to cope with more icing conditions. K E Y W O R D Santi-icing and deicing technology, fan blade, hydrophobic coating, ice detection technology, ultrasonic deicing | INTRODUCTIONWith the rapid development of the world economy, lots of countries are increasingly demanding energy resources. Owing to release a lot of greenhouse gases, chemicals and toxins substances from the combustion of the fossil fuels such as coal and oil, 1 People began to look for renewable energy to provide energy consumption, such as wind energy, 2-4 hydrogen energy, 5-7 solar energy, 8-10 biogas and biomass energy. 11-15 With the wind power growing rapidly, generate electricity by using wind turbines is economical and environmentally friendly. 16 As can be seen in Figure 1, China's total installed capacity of wind turbines in 2016 is much higher than in other countries.China has the largest wind power market in the country, and the installed capacity of wind power is growing steadily year by year. The high density of air is conducive to the development of wind energy resources in cold regions. Figure 2 shows wind resource changes in different seasons. The wind speed from June to August is significantly lower than other months. There are also data showing that wind resources in cold regions are 10% higher than other regions. 17,18

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“…The facility was designed, and is used to test and evaluate rotor blade ice protection systems on full-chord rotor blade sections and under representative centrifugal loads 23 . The AERTS facility is also used for ice protection coating evaluation 24,25 and experimental rotor ice accretion shape correlation to ice shape modeling techniques 26 .…”

Section: Adverse Environment Rotor Test Stand (Aerts) Rotor Wedgementioning

confidence: 99%

Ice Particle Impacts on a Moving Wedge

Vargas

Struk

Kreeger

et al. 2014

6th AIAA Atmospheric and Space Environments Conference

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This work presents the results of an experimental study of ice particle impacts on a moving wedge. The experiment was conducted in the Adverse Environment Rotor Test Stand (AERTS) facility located at Penn State University. The wedge was placed at the tip of a rotating blade. Ice particles shot from a pressure gun intercepted the moving wedge and impacted it at a location along its circular path. The upward velocity of the ice particles varied from 7 to 12 meters per second. Wedge velocities were varied from 0 to 120 meters per second. Wedge angles tested were 0⁰, 30⁰, 45⁰, and 60⁰. High speed imaging combined with backlighting captured the impact allowing observation of the effect of velocity and wedge angle on the impact and the post-impact fragment behavior. It was found that the pressure gun and the rotating wedge could be synchronized to consistently obtain ice particle impacts on the target wedge. It was observed that the number of fragments increase with the normal component of the impact velocity. Particle fragments ejected immediately after impact showed velocities higher than the impact velocity. The results followed the major qualitative features observed by other researchers for hailstone impacts, even though the reduced scale size of the particles used in the present experiment as compared to hailstones was 4:1. Nomenclature ϕ = Time delay between the triggering of the pressure gun and the appearance of the frozen droplets at the desired height τ = Time delay between a triggering signal and the appearance of the rotor tip in the field of view α = Wedge angle AERTS = Adverse Environment Rotor Test Stand APL = John Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory D = Droplet diameter FAA = Federal Aviation Administration L= Distance from outer face of ice particle to wedge surface n-p = Frame of reference along the surface of the wedge, used for velocity calculations. s = Distance from (x c , y c ) to the point of impact t = Time it takes the particle starting at (x f ,y f ) to impact the wedge u = Horizontal velocity of the ice particle with respect to the x-y frame of reference v = Vertical velocity of the ice particle with respect to the x-y frame of reference V n = Velocity of the ice particle normal to the wedge surface Downloaded by UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS on October 1, 2015 | http://arc.aiaa.org |

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Ultrasonic De-Icing Bondline Design and Rotor Ice Testing

Cited by 56 publications

References 6 publications

A dual de-icing system for wind turbine blades combining high-power ultrasonic guided waves and low-frequency forced vibrations

A dual de-icing system for wind turbine blades combining high-power ultrasonic guided waves and low-frequency forced vibrations

A review on ice detection technology and ice elimination technology for wind turbine

Ice Particle Impacts on a Moving Wedge

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