Ultrasonic detection of renal calculi: Accuracy tested in an in vitro porcine kidney model

Abstract

Porcine kidneys containing human calculi of known size and composition were used to study the ability of ultrasound to localize intrarenal calculi. The study conducted in a blind fashion demonstrated that stones as small as 2 mm could be detected. The chemical composition was not related to the ability to detect the stone. Early trials in the operating room have been encouraging. The porcine kidney model is useful for training purposes.

Accuracy of ultrasonography for renal stone detection and size determination: is it good enough for management decisions?

“…Ultrasonography (US) is an accessible, relatively inexpensive imaging method that comes without the risks of exposure to ionizing radiation entailed by CT . Stafford et al reported the ability to detect stones as small as 2 mm using US imaging in a porcine model more than 30 years ago. With an ability to demonstrate radiopaque and radiolucent stones, hydronephrosis, renal inflammation, ruptured fornices, ureteric jets and resistive index, US can provide valuable clinical information.…”