Ultrasonic evaluation of the normal uterus in the neonate

Hata, Kohkichi; Nishigaki, Arata; Makihara, Ken; Takahashi, Osamu; Hata, Toshiyuki; Kitao, Manabu

doi:10.1515/jpme.1989.17.4.313

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Estes achados são concordantes com os estudos de Piiroinen e Kaihola 2 , Gross et al 4 , Orsini et al 5 , que relatam não haver mudanças significativas do tamanho do útero até o início da puberdade, época a partir da qual ele cresce de forma rápida e homogênea. Para a maioria dos autores, o crescimento uterino começa a partir dos 10 anos [5][6][7] .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Avaliação Ultra-sonográfica das Variações do Volume Uterino

Filho¹,

Beduschi²,

Meschino³

et al. 2001

Rev. Bras. Ginecol. Obstet.

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Objetivo: verificar a acurácia do ultra-som transabdominal (USTA) em determinar as alterações fisiológicas e patológicas do volume uterino e comparar o volume do útero ao USTA e ultrasom transvaginal (USTV), procurando verificar a relação dos métodos. Métodos: inicialmente foram revistos, retrospectivamente, 1186 exames ecográficos pélvicos (USTA e USTV), verificando-se as principais doenças e indicações para estes exames. A seguir, foram selecionados 480 USTA sem doenças uterinas e correlacionou-se o volume uterino com a idade e paridade. Finalmente, foi realizado estudo prospectivo comparando-se o volume uterino de 50 mulheres ao USTA e USTV. Para análise estatística utilizaram-se os testes t de Student e coeficientes de correlação de Spearman e Pearson.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Avaliação Ultra-sonográfica das Variações do Volume Uterino

Filho¹,

Beduschi²,

Meschino³

et al. 2001

Rev. Bras. Ginecol. Obstet.

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“…The uterus and ovaries are evaluated ultrasonographically in female babies. The dimensions of the uterus are increased due to the hormones crossing from the mother through the placenta (35,36). The body of the uterus is more prominent compared to the cervix, the height of the uterus is 35 mm and the highest width is approximately 14 mm.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Mini Pubertymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mini puberty and its interpretation

Kurtoğlu

Baştuğ

2014

Turk Arch Ped

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Gonadotropins which are at high levels in the middle of the fetal life are considerably low in the cord blood and estrogen is measured to be high. The reason for this is the inhibitory effect of increased estrogen levels in the circulation arising from the placenta on gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse generator and pituitary gonadotropins (1, 2). In male fetuses, testosterone levels probably contribute additionally to inhibition (3). Gonadotropin inhibition discontinues with placental seperation, the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis is activated and the hormonal changes which occur are identified as mini puberty (2, 4). The activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis reach a peak level approximately in the 6-8th week after delivery. In this period, the levels of sex steroids are similar to early-middle pubertal levels, but their peripheral effects are not realized (4).In boys, the level of luteinizing hormone (LH) increases approximately 10-fold in the minutes following delivery and the level of tesosterone increases. This state lasts approximately for 12 hours (5, 6). The increase in follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and LH continues in the second week after delivery, reaches a peak in the 4-10 th week, decreases in the 6 th month to the prepubertal levels. The level of testosterone increased by release of luteinizing hormone reaches a peak at around the third month and decreases to the prepubertal levels in the 6-9 th months (1,7,8). Similarly, the levels of 17-hydroxyprogesteron and androstenodione which are increased with testosterone decrease with reduction of the level of LH (2). After delivery, an increase in the number of Leydig cells starts. This increase reaches a peak in the third month. Afterwards, reduction and apopytosis occur in fetal and infantile Leydig cells (9-11). Inhibin-B is a glycoprotein belonging to the family of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and is released from Sertoli cells in the prepubertal period. It is considered an indicator of sertoli cell function in prepubertal male children, but it does not reflect the number and function of germ cells. Inhibin-B acts as a regulator of release of FSH (1). Inhibin-B can be measured in the cord blood, it increases after delivery, reaches a peak in the 4-12 th month (exceeds the male adult level). It is at a considerably low level at the age of 3-9 years and increases again with the initiation of the puberty (3, 7). Serum inhibin-B levels are low in cases of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (1, 12).Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) is a glycoprotein released from the sertoli cells starting from the fetal period. It is found in the cord blood and its level increases in the first 30 months after delivery. It reaches a peak in the 6 th month, starts to decrease Mini puberty and its interpretation AbstractGonadotropins which are high in the middle of the fetal life are measured to be considerably low in the cord blood and estrogen is found to be high in the cord blood. Gonodotropins are supressed by estrogen. After delivery,...

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“…In female neonates, the uterus is increased due to the influence of maternal and placental hormones (2,3) . The uterine body is larger than the uterine cervix, the uterine length is approximately 3.5 cm, and the maximum thickness is approximately 1.4 cm.…”

Section: Uterus and Ovariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ultrasonography has been considered to be useful in the differentiation between premature thelarche and central precocious puberty, as an adjuvant to LH level measurement, according to a recent consensus on the use of GnRH antagonists in children (14) . The main markers reported by such consensus were the following: apparent endometrium, that is highly specific (about 100% specificity), although with a not so good sensitivity (about 30-80%) (15) ; uterine length > 3.0-4.0 cm (depending on the age); and ovarian volume > 1.0 to 1.5 cm 3 , with sensitivity and specificity around 90% (9,10,16,17) . Table 1 is a summary of the main cut-offs utilized in the diagnosis of precocious puberty according to the age.…”

Section: Estrogen Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The endometrium can be easily identified, with thickness and echographic appearance varying according to the phase of the menstrual cycle. The ovaries assume a more ovoid shape and volume > 4 cm 3 as a response to the gonadotropins stimulus. The Doppler study of uterine arteries may be utilized as a complementary tool in the puberty follow-up (11) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrassonografia pélvica em crianças e adolescentes

2009

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O conhecimento das mudanças que ocorrem no útero e ovários durante a puberdade é fundamental ao investigar alterações da pelve feminina em crianças e adolescentes. O exame ultrassonográfico nestas pacientes é rotineiramente realizado por via abdominal usando o líquido da bexiga como uma janela ultrassônica, embora possa ser algumas vezes realizado pela via vaginal em adolescentes sexualmente ativas. As principais indicações para ultrassonografia pélvica em crianças e adolescentes são a puberdade precoce ou atrasada, dor ou massas pélvicas, genitália ambígua, sangramento vaginal em crianças e amenorreia primária. Neste artigo relatamos a técnica do exame, além de descrever os achados mais freqüentes.

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Ultrasonic evaluation of the normal uterus in the neonate

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

Avaliação Ultra-sonográfica das Variações do Volume Uterino

Avaliação Ultra-sonográfica das Variações do Volume Uterino

Mini puberty and its interpretation

Ultrassonografia pélvica em crianças e adolescentes

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