Ultrasonic fetal gender diagnoses during Months 5 to 11 in mares

Curran, Sandra; Ginther, O.J.

doi:10.1016/0093-691x(93)90283-b

Cited by 21 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…After 9 months, the hindlimbs remain encased by the cord horn and the hooves extend to the tips of the horn (Ginther 1993;1994;Ginther and Griffin 1993;Ginther eta/. Between 5 and 7 months, the fetus is detected entirely within the uterine body in 60% of examinations.…”

Section: Fetal Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Between 5 and 7 months, the fetus is detected entirely within the uterine body in 60% of examinations. The percentage of anterior, posterior and transverse presentations at 5 to 6 months has been shown to be 52, 29 and 19% respectively, but between 7 and 1 1 months the fetal presentation becomes predominately anterior (Vandeplassche and Lauwers 1986;Curran and Ginther 1993;Ginther and Griffin 1993;Ginther et a/. After 9 months, the hindlimbs remain encased by the cord horn and the hooves extend to the tips of the horn (Ginther 1993;1994;Ginther and Griffin 1993;Ginther eta/.…”

Section: Fetal Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Normal parturition and evaluation of the mare in dystocia

Frazer

Perkins

Embertson

1999

Equine Veterinary Education

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Fetal Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fetal Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal parturition and evaluation of the mare in dystocia

Frazer

Perkins

Embertson

1999

Equine Veterinary Education

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Depending on the size of the mare and the presentation of the foal, but roughly from 150 days onwards, a transabdominal approach will be necessary to visualize a foal in anterior presentation (Bucca, ). Transabdominal ultrasonographic FGD can be performed until about 210 days of pregnancy (Curran & Ginther, ). In some cases, it is even possible beyond 7 months of gestation but most of the time, the foetus is too large and positioned too far cranially to enable a good visualization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine foetal gender determination in mid‐ to late gestational mares: A practical inquiry

Velde

Roels

Ververs

et al. 2018

Reprod Domestic Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In recent years, the interest in equine foetal gender determination (FGD) during gestation increased remarkably. Ultrasonographic FGD can be performed in two different periods during gestation. The earliest examination can take place at a gestational age of 60-70 days, whereby the genital tubercle is used to differentiate between male and female foeti. The time window of the second approach is wider (120-210 days), and there are more characteristics to take into consideration. In this article, the feasibility and accuracy of ultrasonographic FGD in mid- to late gestation are evaluated. One hundred twenty-one mares from different breeds with a pregnancy stage between 120 and 270 days were examined once, using B-scale ultrasonography (Esaote MyLab™ClassC). None of the mares were sedated nor shaved, and the procedure was completed within 15 min. Diagnosis was firstly based on the gonads. The final judgement was made based on all visible foetal reproductive organs. In three cases with a pregnancy stage beyond 257 days, FGD was not possible. All of the examined mares in which a FGD could be performed gave birth to a healthy foal. In 98% of the examinations (116/118), the diagnosis was correctly made. In both cases of misdiagnosis, only one characteristic was seen during the procedure and wrongly interpreted. Beyond 210 days of pregnancy, the extremities can preclude a good visualization of the inguinal region. In conclusion, equine FGD in mid- to late gestation is an accessible and accurate technique, although a good ultrasound device is a prerequisite and experience and expertise is necessary.

show abstract

“…After 9 months, the hindlimbs remain encased by the cord horn and the hooves extend to the tips of the horn (Ginther 1993;Ginther and Griffin 1993;Ginther et al 1994;Ginther 1994). The percentage of anterior, posterior, and transverse presentations at 5 to 6 months has been shown to be 52,29 and 19% respectively, but between 7 and 11 months the fetal presentation becomes predominately anterior (Curran and Ginther 1993;Ginther and Griffin 1993;Ginther et al 1994;Vandeplassche and Lauwers 1986). The selective closing and opening of the uterine horns, with subsequent trapping of the hindlimbs, is believed to be a key feature of the mechanism that ultimately directs fetal orientation into anterior presentation Ginther 1994).…”

Section: Fig Lbmentioning

confidence: 99%